vencer
to defeat, to expirePresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | venzoI defeat | nosotros | vencemoswe defeat |
| tú | vencesyou defeat | vosotros | vencéisyou all defeat |
| él/ella/Ud. | vencehe/she defeats | ellos/Uds. | vencenthey defeat |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he vencidoI have defeated | nosotros | hemos vencidowe have defeated |
| tú | has vencidoyou have defeated | vosotros | habéis vencidoyou all have defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha vencidohe/she has defeated | ellos/Uds. | han vencidothey have defeated |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | venza(that) I defeat | nosotros | venzamos(that) we defeat |
| tú | venzas(that) you defeat | vosotros | venzáis(that) you all defeat |
| él/ella/Ud. | venza(that) he/she defeats | ellos/Uds. | venzan(that) they defeat |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya vencido(that) I have defeated | nosotros | hayamos vencido(that) we have defeated |
| tú | hayas vencido(that) you have defeated | vosotros | hayáis vencido(that) you all have defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya vencido(that) he/she has defeated | ellos/Uds. | hayan vencido(that) they have defeated |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | vencíI defeated | nosotros | vencimoswe defeated |
| tú | vencisteyou defeated | vosotros | vencisteisyou all defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | vencióhe/she defeated | ellos/Uds. | vencieronthey defeated |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | vencíaI used to defeat | nosotros | vencíamoswe used to defeat |
| tú | vencíasyou used to defeat | vosotros | vencíaisyou all used to defeat |
| él/ella/Ud. | vencíahe/she used to defeat | ellos/Uds. | vencíanthey used to defeat |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había vencidoI had defeated | nosotros | habíamos vencidowe had defeated |
| tú | habías vencidoyou had defeated | vosotros | habíais vencidoyou all had defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | había vencidohe/she had defeated | ellos/Uds. | habían vencidothey had defeated |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | venciera(that) I defeated | nosotros | venciéramos(that) we defeated |
| tú | vencieras(that) you defeated | vosotros | vencierais(that) you all defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | venciera(that) he/she defeated | ellos/Uds. | vencieran(that) they defeated |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | venciese(that) I defeated | nosotros | venciésemos(that) we defeated |
| tú | vencieses(that) you defeated | vosotros | vencieseis(that) you all defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | venciese(that) he/she defeated | ellos/Uds. | venciesen(that) they defeated |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera vencido(that) I had defeated | nosotros | hubiéramos vencido(that) we had defeated |
| tú | hubieras vencido(that) you had defeated | vosotros | hubierais vencido(that) you all had defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera vencido(that) he/she had defeated | ellos/Uds. | hubieran vencido(that) they had defeated |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube vencidoI had defeated | nosotros | hubimos vencidowe had defeated |
| tú | hubiste vencidoyou had defeated | vosotros | hubisteis vencidoyou all had defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo vencidohe/she had defeated | ellos/Uds. | hubieron vencidothey had defeated |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | venceréI will defeat | nosotros | venceremoswe will defeat |
| tú | vencerásyou will defeat | vosotros | venceréisyou all will defeat |
| él/ella/Ud. | venceráhe/she will defeat | ellos/Uds. | venceránthey will defeat |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | venceríaI would defeat | nosotros | venceríamoswe would defeat |
| tú | venceríasyou would defeat | vosotros | venceríaisyou all would defeat |
| él/ella/Ud. | venceríahe/she would defeat | ellos/Uds. | venceríanthey would defeat |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré vencidoI will have defeated | nosotros | habremos vencidowe will have defeated |
| tú | habrás vencidoyou will have defeated | vosotros | habréis vencidoyou all will have defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá vencidohe/she will have defeated | ellos/Uds. | habrán vencidothey will have defeated |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría vencidoI would have defeated | nosotros | habríamos vencidowe would have defeated |
| tú | habrías vencidoyou would have defeated | vosotros | habríais vencidoyou all would have defeated |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría vencidohe/she would have defeated | ellos/Uds. | habrían vencidothey would have defeated |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | venciere(should) I defeat | nosotros | venciéremos(should) we defeat |
| tú | vencieres(should) you defeat | vosotros | venciereis(should) you all defeat |
| él/ella/Ud. | venciere(should) he/she defeat | ellos/Uds. | vencieren(should) they defeat |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | venzamoslet's defeat |
| tú | vencedefeat! | vosotros | venceddefeat! |
| él/ella/Ud. | venzadefeat! | ellos/Uds. | venzandefeat! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no venzamoslet's not defeat |
| tú | no venzasdon't defeat | vosotros | no venzáisdon't defeat |
| él/ella/Ud. | no venzadon't defeat | ellos/Uds. | no venzandon't defeat |
