tratar
to try, to treatPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | tratoI try | nosotros | tratamoswe try |
| tú | tratasyou try | vosotros | tratáisyou all try |
| él/ella/Ud. | tratahe/she tries | ellos/Uds. | tratanthey try |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he tratadoI have tried | nosotros | hemos tratadowe have tried |
| tú | has tratadoyou have tried | vosotros | habéis tratadoyou all have tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha tratadohe/she has tried | ellos/Uds. | han tratadothey have tried |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | trate(that) I try | nosotros | tratemos(that) we try |
| tú | trates(that) you try | vosotros | tratéis(that) you all try |
| él/ella/Ud. | trate(that) he/she tries | ellos/Uds. | traten(that) they try |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya tratado(that) I have tried | nosotros | hayamos tratado(that) we have tried |
| tú | hayas tratado(that) you have tried | vosotros | hayáis tratado(that) you all have tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya tratado(that) he/she has tried | ellos/Uds. | hayan tratado(that) they have tried |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | tratéI tried | nosotros | tratamoswe tried |
| tú | tratasteyou tried | vosotros | tratasteisyou all tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | tratóhe/she tried | ellos/Uds. | trataronthey tried |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | tratabaI used to try | nosotros | tratábamoswe used to try |
| tú | tratabasyou used to try | vosotros | tratabaisyou all used to try |
| él/ella/Ud. | tratabahe/she used to try | ellos/Uds. | tratabanthey used to try |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había tratadoI had tried | nosotros | habíamos tratadowe had tried |
| tú | habías tratadoyou had tried | vosotros | habíais tratadoyou all had tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | había tratadohe/she had tried | ellos/Uds. | habían tratadothey had tried |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | tratara(that) I tried | nosotros | tratáramos(that) we tried |
| tú | trataras(that) you tried | vosotros | tratarais(that) you all tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | tratara(that) he/she tried | ellos/Uds. | trataran(that) they tried |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | tratase(that) I tried | nosotros | tratásemos(that) we tried |
| tú | tratases(that) you tried | vosotros | trataseis(that) you all tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | tratase(that) he/she tried | ellos/Uds. | tratasen(that) they tried |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera tratado(that) I had tried | nosotros | hubiéramos tratado(that) we had tried |
| tú | hubieras tratado(that) you had tried | vosotros | hubierais tratado(that) you all had tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera tratado(that) he/she had tried | ellos/Uds. | hubieran tratado(that) they had tried |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube tratadoI had tried | nosotros | hubimos tratadowe had tried |
| tú | hubiste tratadoyou had tried | vosotros | hubisteis tratadoyou all had tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo tratadohe/she had tried | ellos/Uds. | hubieron tratadothey had tried |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | trataréI will try | nosotros | trataremoswe will try |
| tú | tratarásyou will try | vosotros | trataréisyou all will try |
| él/ella/Ud. | trataráhe/she will try | ellos/Uds. | trataránthey will try |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | trataríaI would try | nosotros | trataríamoswe would try |
| tú | trataríasyou would try | vosotros | trataríaisyou all would try |
| él/ella/Ud. | trataríahe/she would try | ellos/Uds. | trataríanthey would try |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré tratadoI will have tried | nosotros | habremos tratadowe will have tried |
| tú | habrás tratadoyou will have tried | vosotros | habréis tratadoyou all will have tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá tratadohe/she will have tried | ellos/Uds. | habrán tratadothey will have tried |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría tratadoI would have tried | nosotros | habríamos tratadowe would have tried |
| tú | habrías tratadoyou would have tried | vosotros | habríais tratadoyou all would have tried |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría tratadohe/she would have tried | ellos/Uds. | habrían tratadothey would have tried |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | tratare(should) I try | nosotros | tratáremos(should) we try |
| tú | tratares(should) you try | vosotros | tratareis(should) you all try |
| él/ella/Ud. | tratare(should) he/she try | ellos/Uds. | trataren(should) they try |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | tratemoslet's try |
| tú | tratatry! | vosotros | tratadtry! |
| él/ella/Ud. | tratetry! | ellos/Uds. | tratentry! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no tratemoslet's not try |
| tú | no tratesdon't try | vosotros | no tratéisdon't try |
| él/ella/Ud. | no tratedon't try | ellos/Uds. | no tratendon't try |
