tomar
to take, to drinkPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | tomoI take | nosotros | tomamoswe take |
| tú | tomasyou take | vosotros | tomáisyou all take |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomahe/she takes | ellos/Uds. | tomanthey take |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he tomadoI have taken | nosotros | hemos tomadowe have taken |
| tú | has tomadoyou have taken | vosotros | habéis tomadoyou all have taken |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha tomadohe/she has taken | ellos/Uds. | han tomadothey have taken |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | tome(that) I take | nosotros | tomemos(that) we take |
| tú | tomes(that) you take | vosotros | toméis(that) you all take |
| él/ella/Ud. | tome(that) he/she takes | ellos/Uds. | tomen(that) they take |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya tomado(that) I have taken | nosotros | hayamos tomado(that) we have taken |
| tú | hayas tomado(that) you have taken | vosotros | hayáis tomado(that) you all have taken |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya tomado(that) he/she has taken | ellos/Uds. | hayan tomado(that) they have taken |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | toméI took | nosotros | tomamoswe took |
| tú | tomasteyou took | vosotros | tomasteisyou all took |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomóhe/she took | ellos/Uds. | tomaronthey took |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | tomabaI used to take | nosotros | tomábamoswe used to take |
| tú | tomabasyou used to take | vosotros | tomabaisyou all used to take |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomabahe/she used to take | ellos/Uds. | tomabanthey used to take |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había tomadoI had taken | nosotros | habíamos tomadowe had taken |
| tú | habías tomadoyou had taken | vosotros | habíais tomadoyou all had taken |
| él/ella/Ud. | había tomadohe/she had taken | ellos/Uds. | habían tomadothey had taken |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | tomara(that) I took | nosotros | tomáramos(that) we took |
| tú | tomaras(that) you took | vosotros | tomarais(that) you all took |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomara(that) he/she took | ellos/Uds. | tomaran(that) they took |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | tomase(that) I took | nosotros | tomásemos(that) we took |
| tú | tomases(that) you took | vosotros | tomaseis(that) you all took |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomase(that) he/she took | ellos/Uds. | tomasen(that) they took |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera tomado(that) I had taken | nosotros | hubiéramos tomado(that) we had taken |
| tú | hubieras tomado(that) you had taken | vosotros | hubierais tomado(that) you all had taken |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera tomado(that) he/she had taken | ellos/Uds. | hubieran tomado(that) they had taken |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube tomadoI had taken | nosotros | hubimos tomadowe had taken |
| tú | hubiste tomadoyou had taken | vosotros | hubisteis tomadoyou all had taken |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo tomadohe/she had taken | ellos/Uds. | hubieron tomadothey had taken |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | tomaréI will take | nosotros | tomaremoswe will take |
| tú | tomarásyou will take | vosotros | tomaréisyou all will take |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomaráhe/she will take | ellos/Uds. | tomaránthey will take |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | tomaríaI would take | nosotros | tomaríamoswe would take |
| tú | tomaríasyou would take | vosotros | tomaríaisyou all would take |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomaríahe/she would take | ellos/Uds. | tomaríanthey would take |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré tomadoI will have taken | nosotros | habremos tomadowe will have taken |
| tú | habrás tomadoyou will have taken | vosotros | habréis tomadoyou all will have taken |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá tomadohe/she will have taken | ellos/Uds. | habrán tomadothey will have taken |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría tomadoI would have taken | nosotros | habríamos tomadowe would have taken |
| tú | habrías tomadoyou would have taken | vosotros | habríais tomadoyou all would have taken |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría tomadohe/she would have taken | ellos/Uds. | habrían tomadothey would have taken |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | tomare(should) I take | nosotros | tomáremos(should) we take |
| tú | tomares(should) you take | vosotros | tomareis(should) you all take |
| él/ella/Ud. | tomare(should) he/she take | ellos/Uds. | tomaren(should) they take |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | tomemoslet's take |
| tú | tomatake! | vosotros | tomadtake! |
| él/ella/Ud. | tometake! | ellos/Uds. | tomentake! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no tomemoslet's not take |
| tú | no tomesdon't take | vosotros | no toméisdon't take |
| él/ella/Ud. | no tomedon't take | ellos/Uds. | no tomendon't take |
