superar
to overcomePresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | superoI overcome | nosotros | superamoswe overcome |
| tú | superasyou overcome | vosotros | superáisyou all overcome |
| él/ella/Ud. | superahe/she overcomes | ellos/Uds. | superanthey overcome |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he superadoI have overcomed | nosotros | hemos superadowe have overcomed |
| tú | has superadoyou have overcomed | vosotros | habéis superadoyou all have overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha superadohe/she has overcomed | ellos/Uds. | han superadothey have overcomed |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | supere(that) I overcome | nosotros | superemos(that) we overcome |
| tú | superes(that) you overcome | vosotros | superéis(that) you all overcome |
| él/ella/Ud. | supere(that) he/she overcomes | ellos/Uds. | superen(that) they overcome |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya superado(that) I have overcomed | nosotros | hayamos superado(that) we have overcomed |
| tú | hayas superado(that) you have overcomed | vosotros | hayáis superado(that) you all have overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya superado(that) he/she has overcomed | ellos/Uds. | hayan superado(that) they have overcomed |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | superéI overcomed | nosotros | superamoswe overcomed |
| tú | superasteyou overcomed | vosotros | superasteisyou all overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | superóhe/she overcomed | ellos/Uds. | superaronthey overcomed |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | superabaI used to overcome | nosotros | superábamoswe used to overcome |
| tú | superabasyou used to overcome | vosotros | superabaisyou all used to overcome |
| él/ella/Ud. | superabahe/she used to overcome | ellos/Uds. | superabanthey used to overcome |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había superadoI had overcomed | nosotros | habíamos superadowe had overcomed |
| tú | habías superadoyou had overcomed | vosotros | habíais superadoyou all had overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | había superadohe/she had overcomed | ellos/Uds. | habían superadothey had overcomed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | superara(that) I overcomed | nosotros | superáramos(that) we overcomed |
| tú | superaras(that) you overcomed | vosotros | superarais(that) you all overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | superara(that) he/she overcomed | ellos/Uds. | superaran(that) they overcomed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | superase(that) I overcomed | nosotros | superásemos(that) we overcomed |
| tú | superases(that) you overcomed | vosotros | superaseis(that) you all overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | superase(that) he/she overcomed | ellos/Uds. | superasen(that) they overcomed |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera superado(that) I had overcomed | nosotros | hubiéramos superado(that) we had overcomed |
| tú | hubieras superado(that) you had overcomed | vosotros | hubierais superado(that) you all had overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera superado(that) he/she had overcomed | ellos/Uds. | hubieran superado(that) they had overcomed |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube superadoI had overcomed | nosotros | hubimos superadowe had overcomed |
| tú | hubiste superadoyou had overcomed | vosotros | hubisteis superadoyou all had overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo superadohe/she had overcomed | ellos/Uds. | hubieron superadothey had overcomed |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | superaréI will overcome | nosotros | superaremoswe will overcome |
| tú | superarásyou will overcome | vosotros | superaréisyou all will overcome |
| él/ella/Ud. | superaráhe/she will overcome | ellos/Uds. | superaránthey will overcome |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | superaríaI would overcome | nosotros | superaríamoswe would overcome |
| tú | superaríasyou would overcome | vosotros | superaríaisyou all would overcome |
| él/ella/Ud. | superaríahe/she would overcome | ellos/Uds. | superaríanthey would overcome |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré superadoI will have overcomed | nosotros | habremos superadowe will have overcomed |
| tú | habrás superadoyou will have overcomed | vosotros | habréis superadoyou all will have overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá superadohe/she will have overcomed | ellos/Uds. | habrán superadothey will have overcomed |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría superadoI would have overcomed | nosotros | habríamos superadowe would have overcomed |
| tú | habrías superadoyou would have overcomed | vosotros | habríais superadoyou all would have overcomed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría superadohe/she would have overcomed | ellos/Uds. | habrían superadothey would have overcomed |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | superare(should) I overcome | nosotros | superáremos(should) we overcome |
| tú | superares(should) you overcome | vosotros | superareis(should) you all overcome |
| él/ella/Ud. | superare(should) he/she overcome | ellos/Uds. | superaren(should) they overcome |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | superemoslet's overcome |
| tú | superaovercome! | vosotros | superadovercome! |
| él/ella/Ud. | supereovercome! | ellos/Uds. | superenovercome! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no superemoslet's not overcome |
| tú | no superesdon't overcome | vosotros | no superéisdon't overcome |
| él/ella/Ud. | no superedon't overcome | ellos/Uds. | no superendon't overcome |
