sufrir
to sufferPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | sufroI suffer | nosotros | sufrimoswe suffer |
| tú | sufresyou suffer | vosotros | sufrísyou all suffer |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufrehe/she suffers | ellos/Uds. | sufrenthey suffer |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he sufridoI have suffered | nosotros | hemos sufridowe have suffered |
| tú | has sufridoyou have suffered | vosotros | habéis sufridoyou all have suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha sufridohe/she has suffered | ellos/Uds. | han sufridothey have suffered |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | sufra(that) I suffer | nosotros | suframos(that) we suffer |
| tú | sufras(that) you suffer | vosotros | sufráis(that) you all suffer |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufra(that) he/she suffers | ellos/Uds. | sufran(that) they suffer |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya sufrido(that) I have suffered | nosotros | hayamos sufrido(that) we have suffered |
| tú | hayas sufrido(that) you have suffered | vosotros | hayáis sufrido(that) you all have suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya sufrido(that) he/she has suffered | ellos/Uds. | hayan sufrido(that) they have suffered |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | sufríI suffered | nosotros | sufrimoswe suffered |
| tú | sufristeyou suffered | vosotros | sufristeisyou all suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufrióhe/she suffered | ellos/Uds. | sufrieronthey suffered |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | sufríaI used to suffer | nosotros | sufríamoswe used to suffer |
| tú | sufríasyou used to suffer | vosotros | sufríaisyou all used to suffer |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufríahe/she used to suffer | ellos/Uds. | sufríanthey used to suffer |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había sufridoI had suffered | nosotros | habíamos sufridowe had suffered |
| tú | habías sufridoyou had suffered | vosotros | habíais sufridoyou all had suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | había sufridohe/she had suffered | ellos/Uds. | habían sufridothey had suffered |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | sufriera(that) I suffered | nosotros | sufriéramos(that) we suffered |
| tú | sufrieras(that) you suffered | vosotros | sufrierais(that) you all suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufriera(that) he/she suffered | ellos/Uds. | sufrieran(that) they suffered |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | sufriese(that) I suffered | nosotros | sufriésemos(that) we suffered |
| tú | sufrieses(that) you suffered | vosotros | sufrieseis(that) you all suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufriese(that) he/she suffered | ellos/Uds. | sufriesen(that) they suffered |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera sufrido(that) I had suffered | nosotros | hubiéramos sufrido(that) we had suffered |
| tú | hubieras sufrido(that) you had suffered | vosotros | hubierais sufrido(that) you all had suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera sufrido(that) he/she had suffered | ellos/Uds. | hubieran sufrido(that) they had suffered |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube sufridoI had suffered | nosotros | hubimos sufridowe had suffered |
| tú | hubiste sufridoyou had suffered | vosotros | hubisteis sufridoyou all had suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo sufridohe/she had suffered | ellos/Uds. | hubieron sufridothey had suffered |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | sufriréI will suffer | nosotros | sufriremoswe will suffer |
| tú | sufrirásyou will suffer | vosotros | sufriréisyou all will suffer |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufriráhe/she will suffer | ellos/Uds. | sufriránthey will suffer |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | sufriríaI would suffer | nosotros | sufriríamoswe would suffer |
| tú | sufriríasyou would suffer | vosotros | sufriríaisyou all would suffer |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufriríahe/she would suffer | ellos/Uds. | sufriríanthey would suffer |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré sufridoI will have suffered | nosotros | habremos sufridowe will have suffered |
| tú | habrás sufridoyou will have suffered | vosotros | habréis sufridoyou all will have suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá sufridohe/she will have suffered | ellos/Uds. | habrán sufridothey will have suffered |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría sufridoI would have suffered | nosotros | habríamos sufridowe would have suffered |
| tú | habrías sufridoyou would have suffered | vosotros | habríais sufridoyou all would have suffered |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría sufridohe/she would have suffered | ellos/Uds. | habrían sufridothey would have suffered |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | sufriere(should) I suffer | nosotros | sufriéremos(should) we suffer |
| tú | sufrieres(should) you suffer | vosotros | sufriereis(should) you all suffer |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufriere(should) he/she suffer | ellos/Uds. | sufrieren(should) they suffer |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | suframoslet's suffer |
| tú | sufresuffer! | vosotros | sufridsuffer! |
| él/ella/Ud. | sufrasuffer! | ellos/Uds. | sufransuffer! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no suframoslet's not suffer |
| tú | no sufrasdon't suffer | vosotros | no sufráisdon't suffer |
| él/ella/Ud. | no sufradon't suffer | ellos/Uds. | no sufrandon't suffer |
