sorprender
to surprisePresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | sorprendoI surprise | nosotros | sorprendemoswe surprise |
| tú | sorprendesyou surprise | vosotros | sorprendéisyou all surprise |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprendehe/she surprises | ellos/Uds. | sorprendenthey surprise |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he sorprendidoI have surprised | nosotros | hemos sorprendidowe have surprised |
| tú | has sorprendidoyou have surprised | vosotros | habéis sorprendidoyou all have surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha sorprendidohe/she has surprised | ellos/Uds. | han sorprendidothey have surprised |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | sorprenda(that) I surprise | nosotros | sorprendamos(that) we surprise |
| tú | sorprendas(that) you surprise | vosotros | sorprendáis(that) you all surprise |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprenda(that) he/she surprises | ellos/Uds. | sorprendan(that) they surprise |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya sorprendido(that) I have surprised | nosotros | hayamos sorprendido(that) we have surprised |
| tú | hayas sorprendido(that) you have surprised | vosotros | hayáis sorprendido(that) you all have surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya sorprendido(that) he/she has surprised | ellos/Uds. | hayan sorprendido(that) they have surprised |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | sorprendíI surprised | nosotros | sorprendimoswe surprised |
| tú | sorprendisteyou surprised | vosotros | sorprendisteisyou all surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprendióhe/she surprised | ellos/Uds. | sorprendieronthey surprised |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | sorprendíaI used to surprise | nosotros | sorprendíamoswe used to surprise |
| tú | sorprendíasyou used to surprise | vosotros | sorprendíaisyou all used to surprise |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprendíahe/she used to surprise | ellos/Uds. | sorprendíanthey used to surprise |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había sorprendidoI had surprised | nosotros | habíamos sorprendidowe had surprised |
| tú | habías sorprendidoyou had surprised | vosotros | habíais sorprendidoyou all had surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | había sorprendidohe/she had surprised | ellos/Uds. | habían sorprendidothey had surprised |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | sorprendiera(that) I surprised | nosotros | sorprendiéramos(that) we surprised |
| tú | sorprendieras(that) you surprised | vosotros | sorprendierais(that) you all surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprendiera(that) he/she surprised | ellos/Uds. | sorprendieran(that) they surprised |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | sorprendiese(that) I surprised | nosotros | sorprendiésemos(that) we surprised |
| tú | sorprendieses(that) you surprised | vosotros | sorprendieseis(that) you all surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprendiese(that) he/she surprised | ellos/Uds. | sorprendiesen(that) they surprised |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera sorprendido(that) I had surprised | nosotros | hubiéramos sorprendido(that) we had surprised |
| tú | hubieras sorprendido(that) you had surprised | vosotros | hubierais sorprendido(that) you all had surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera sorprendido(that) he/she had surprised | ellos/Uds. | hubieran sorprendido(that) they had surprised |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube sorprendidoI had surprised | nosotros | hubimos sorprendidowe had surprised |
| tú | hubiste sorprendidoyou had surprised | vosotros | hubisteis sorprendidoyou all had surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo sorprendidohe/she had surprised | ellos/Uds. | hubieron sorprendidothey had surprised |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | sorprenderéI will surprise | nosotros | sorprenderemoswe will surprise |
| tú | sorprenderásyou will surprise | vosotros | sorprenderéisyou all will surprise |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprenderáhe/she will surprise | ellos/Uds. | sorprenderánthey will surprise |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | sorprenderíaI would surprise | nosotros | sorprenderíamoswe would surprise |
| tú | sorprenderíasyou would surprise | vosotros | sorprenderíaisyou all would surprise |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprenderíahe/she would surprise | ellos/Uds. | sorprenderíanthey would surprise |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré sorprendidoI will have surprised | nosotros | habremos sorprendidowe will have surprised |
| tú | habrás sorprendidoyou will have surprised | vosotros | habréis sorprendidoyou all will have surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá sorprendidohe/she will have surprised | ellos/Uds. | habrán sorprendidothey will have surprised |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría sorprendidoI would have surprised | nosotros | habríamos sorprendidowe would have surprised |
| tú | habrías sorprendidoyou would have surprised | vosotros | habríais sorprendidoyou all would have surprised |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría sorprendidohe/she would have surprised | ellos/Uds. | habrían sorprendidothey would have surprised |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | sorprendiere(should) I surprise | nosotros | sorprendiéremos(should) we surprise |
| tú | sorprendieres(should) you surprise | vosotros | sorprendiereis(should) you all surprise |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprendiere(should) he/she surprise | ellos/Uds. | sorprendieren(should) they surprise |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | sorprendamoslet's surprise |
| tú | sorprendesurprise! | vosotros | sorprendedsurprise! |
| él/ella/Ud. | sorprendasurprise! | ellos/Uds. | sorprendansurprise! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no sorprendamoslet's not surprise |
| tú | no sorprendasdon't surprise | vosotros | no sorprendáisdon't surprise |
| él/ella/Ud. | no sorprendadon't surprise | ellos/Uds. | no sorprendandon't surprise |
