sonar
to sound, to ringPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | suenoI sound | nosotros | sonamoswe sound |
| tú | suenasyou sound | vosotros | sonáisyou all sound |
| él/ella/Ud. | suenahe/she sounds | ellos/Uds. | suenanthey sound |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he sonadoI have sounded | nosotros | hemos sonadowe have sounded |
| tú | has sonadoyou have sounded | vosotros | habéis sonadoyou all have sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha sonadohe/she has sounded | ellos/Uds. | han sonadothey have sounded |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | suene(that) I sound | nosotros | sonemos(that) we sound |
| tú | suenes(that) you sound | vosotros | sonéis(that) you all sound |
| él/ella/Ud. | suene(that) he/she sounds | ellos/Uds. | suenen(that) they sound |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya sonado(that) I have sounded | nosotros | hayamos sonado(that) we have sounded |
| tú | hayas sonado(that) you have sounded | vosotros | hayáis sonado(that) you all have sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya sonado(that) he/she has sounded | ellos/Uds. | hayan sonado(that) they have sounded |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | sonéI sounded | nosotros | sonamoswe sounded |
| tú | sonasteyou sounded | vosotros | sonasteisyou all sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | sonóhe/she sounded | ellos/Uds. | sonaronthey sounded |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | sonabaI used to sound | nosotros | sonábamoswe used to sound |
| tú | sonabasyou used to sound | vosotros | sonabaisyou all used to sound |
| él/ella/Ud. | sonabahe/she used to sound | ellos/Uds. | sonabanthey used to sound |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había sonadoI had sounded | nosotros | habíamos sonadowe had sounded |
| tú | habías sonadoyou had sounded | vosotros | habíais sonadoyou all had sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | había sonadohe/she had sounded | ellos/Uds. | habían sonadothey had sounded |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | sonara(that) I sounded | nosotros | sonáramos(that) we sounded |
| tú | sonaras(that) you sounded | vosotros | sonarais(that) you all sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | sonara(that) he/she sounded | ellos/Uds. | sonaran(that) they sounded |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | sonase(that) I sounded | nosotros | sonásemos(that) we sounded |
| tú | sonases(that) you sounded | vosotros | sonaseis(that) you all sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | sonase(that) he/she sounded | ellos/Uds. | sonasen(that) they sounded |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera sonado(that) I had sounded | nosotros | hubiéramos sonado(that) we had sounded |
| tú | hubieras sonado(that) you had sounded | vosotros | hubierais sonado(that) you all had sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera sonado(that) he/she had sounded | ellos/Uds. | hubieran sonado(that) they had sounded |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube sonadoI had sounded | nosotros | hubimos sonadowe had sounded |
| tú | hubiste sonadoyou had sounded | vosotros | hubisteis sonadoyou all had sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo sonadohe/she had sounded | ellos/Uds. | hubieron sonadothey had sounded |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | sonaréI will sound | nosotros | sonaremoswe will sound |
| tú | sonarásyou will sound | vosotros | sonaréisyou all will sound |
| él/ella/Ud. | sonaráhe/she will sound | ellos/Uds. | sonaránthey will sound |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | sonaríaI would sound | nosotros | sonaríamoswe would sound |
| tú | sonaríasyou would sound | vosotros | sonaríaisyou all would sound |
| él/ella/Ud. | sonaríahe/she would sound | ellos/Uds. | sonaríanthey would sound |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré sonadoI will have sounded | nosotros | habremos sonadowe will have sounded |
| tú | habrás sonadoyou will have sounded | vosotros | habréis sonadoyou all will have sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá sonadohe/she will have sounded | ellos/Uds. | habrán sonadothey will have sounded |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría sonadoI would have sounded | nosotros | habríamos sonadowe would have sounded |
| tú | habrías sonadoyou would have sounded | vosotros | habríais sonadoyou all would have sounded |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría sonadohe/she would have sounded | ellos/Uds. | habrían sonadothey would have sounded |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | sonare(should) I sound | nosotros | sonáremos(should) we sound |
| tú | sonares(should) you sound | vosotros | sonareis(should) you all sound |
| él/ella/Ud. | sonare(should) he/she sound | ellos/Uds. | sonaren(should) they sound |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | sonemoslet's sound |
| tú | suenasound! | vosotros | sonadsound! |
| él/ella/Ud. | suenesound! | ellos/Uds. | suenensound! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no sonemoslet's not sound |
| tú | no suenesdon't sound | vosotros | no sonéisdon't sound |
| él/ella/Ud. | no suenedon't sound | ellos/Uds. | no suenendon't sound |
Red = the form breaks the regular pattern. Everything in black you could have worked out from the endings alone.