significar
to meanPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | significoI mean | nosotros | significamoswe mean |
| tú | significasyou mean | vosotros | significáisyou all mean |
| él/ella/Ud. | significahe/she means | ellos/Uds. | significanthey mean |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he significadoI have meant | nosotros | hemos significadowe have meant |
| tú | has significadoyou have meant | vosotros | habéis significadoyou all have meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha significadohe/she has meant | ellos/Uds. | han significadothey have meant |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | signifique(that) I mean | nosotros | signifiquemos(that) we mean |
| tú | signifiques(that) you mean | vosotros | signifiquéis(that) you all mean |
| él/ella/Ud. | signifique(that) he/she means | ellos/Uds. | signifiquen(that) they mean |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya significado(that) I have meant | nosotros | hayamos significado(that) we have meant |
| tú | hayas significado(that) you have meant | vosotros | hayáis significado(that) you all have meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya significado(that) he/she has meant | ellos/Uds. | hayan significado(that) they have meant |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | signifiquéI meant | nosotros | significamoswe meant |
| tú | significasteyou meant | vosotros | significasteisyou all meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | significóhe/she meant | ellos/Uds. | significaronthey meant |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | significabaI used to mean | nosotros | significábamoswe used to mean |
| tú | significabasyou used to mean | vosotros | significabaisyou all used to mean |
| él/ella/Ud. | significabahe/she used to mean | ellos/Uds. | significabanthey used to mean |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había significadoI had meant | nosotros | habíamos significadowe had meant |
| tú | habías significadoyou had meant | vosotros | habíais significadoyou all had meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | había significadohe/she had meant | ellos/Uds. | habían significadothey had meant |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | significara(that) I meant | nosotros | significáramos(that) we meant |
| tú | significaras(that) you meant | vosotros | significarais(that) you all meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | significara(that) he/she meant | ellos/Uds. | significaran(that) they meant |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | significase(that) I meant | nosotros | significásemos(that) we meant |
| tú | significases(that) you meant | vosotros | significaseis(that) you all meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | significase(that) he/she meant | ellos/Uds. | significasen(that) they meant |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera significado(that) I had meant | nosotros | hubiéramos significado(that) we had meant |
| tú | hubieras significado(that) you had meant | vosotros | hubierais significado(that) you all had meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera significado(that) he/she had meant | ellos/Uds. | hubieran significado(that) they had meant |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube significadoI had meant | nosotros | hubimos significadowe had meant |
| tú | hubiste significadoyou had meant | vosotros | hubisteis significadoyou all had meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo significadohe/she had meant | ellos/Uds. | hubieron significadothey had meant |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | significaréI will mean | nosotros | significaremoswe will mean |
| tú | significarásyou will mean | vosotros | significaréisyou all will mean |
| él/ella/Ud. | significaráhe/she will mean | ellos/Uds. | significaránthey will mean |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | significaríaI would mean | nosotros | significaríamoswe would mean |
| tú | significaríasyou would mean | vosotros | significaríaisyou all would mean |
| él/ella/Ud. | significaríahe/she would mean | ellos/Uds. | significaríanthey would mean |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré significadoI will have meant | nosotros | habremos significadowe will have meant |
| tú | habrás significadoyou will have meant | vosotros | habréis significadoyou all will have meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá significadohe/she will have meant | ellos/Uds. | habrán significadothey will have meant |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría significadoI would have meant | nosotros | habríamos significadowe would have meant |
| tú | habrías significadoyou would have meant | vosotros | habríais significadoyou all would have meant |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría significadohe/she would have meant | ellos/Uds. | habrían significadothey would have meant |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | significare(should) I mean | nosotros | significáremos(should) we mean |
| tú | significares(should) you mean | vosotros | significareis(should) you all mean |
| él/ella/Ud. | significare(should) he/she mean | ellos/Uds. | significaren(should) they mean |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | signifiquemoslet's mean |
| tú | significamean! | vosotros | significadmean! |
| él/ella/Ud. | signifiquemean! | ellos/Uds. | signifiquenmean! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no signifiquemoslet's not mean |
| tú | no signifiquesdon't mean | vosotros | no signifiquéisdon't mean |
| él/ella/Ud. | no signifiquedon't mean | ellos/Uds. | no signifiquendon't mean |
