saber
to know (facts)Presentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | séI know | nosotros | sabemoswe know |
| tú | sabesyou know | vosotros | sabéisyou all know |
| él/ella/Ud. | sabehe/she knows | ellos/Uds. | sabenthey know |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he sabidoI have known | nosotros | hemos sabidowe have known |
| tú | has sabidoyou have known | vosotros | habéis sabidoyou all have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha sabidohe/she has known | ellos/Uds. | han sabidothey have known |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | sepa(that) I know | nosotros | sepamos(that) we know |
| tú | sepas(that) you know | vosotros | sepáis(that) you all know |
| él/ella/Ud. | sepa(that) he/she knows | ellos/Uds. | sepan(that) they know |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya sabido(that) I have known | nosotros | hayamos sabido(that) we have known |
| tú | hayas sabido(that) you have known | vosotros | hayáis sabido(that) you all have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya sabido(that) he/she has known | ellos/Uds. | hayan sabido(that) they have known |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | supeI knew | nosotros | supimoswe knew |
| tú | supisteyou knew | vosotros | supisteisyou all knew |
| él/ella/Ud. | supohe/she knew | ellos/Uds. | supieronthey knew |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | sabíaI used to know | nosotros | sabíamoswe used to know |
| tú | sabíasyou used to know | vosotros | sabíaisyou all used to know |
| él/ella/Ud. | sabíahe/she used to know | ellos/Uds. | sabíanthey used to know |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había sabidoI had known | nosotros | habíamos sabidowe had known |
| tú | habías sabidoyou had known | vosotros | habíais sabidoyou all had known |
| él/ella/Ud. | había sabidohe/she had known | ellos/Uds. | habían sabidothey had known |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | supiera(that) I knew | nosotros | supiéramos(that) we knew |
| tú | supieras(that) you knew | vosotros | supierais(that) you all knew |
| él/ella/Ud. | supiera(that) he/she knew | ellos/Uds. | supieran(that) they knew |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | supiese(that) I knew | nosotros | supiésemos(that) we knew |
| tú | supieses(that) you knew | vosotros | supieseis(that) you all knew |
| él/ella/Ud. | supiese(that) he/she knew | ellos/Uds. | supiesen(that) they knew |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera sabido(that) I had known | nosotros | hubiéramos sabido(that) we had known |
| tú | hubieras sabido(that) you had known | vosotros | hubierais sabido(that) you all had known |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera sabido(that) he/she had known | ellos/Uds. | hubieran sabido(that) they had known |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube sabidoI had known | nosotros | hubimos sabidowe had known |
| tú | hubiste sabidoyou had known | vosotros | hubisteis sabidoyou all had known |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo sabidohe/she had known | ellos/Uds. | hubieron sabidothey had known |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | sabréI will know | nosotros | sabremoswe will know |
| tú | sabrásyou will know | vosotros | sabréisyou all will know |
| él/ella/Ud. | sabráhe/she will know | ellos/Uds. | sabránthey will know |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | sabríaI would know | nosotros | sabríamoswe would know |
| tú | sabríasyou would know | vosotros | sabríaisyou all would know |
| él/ella/Ud. | sabríahe/she would know | ellos/Uds. | sabríanthey would know |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré sabidoI will have known | nosotros | habremos sabidowe will have known |
| tú | habrás sabidoyou will have known | vosotros | habréis sabidoyou all will have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá sabidohe/she will have known | ellos/Uds. | habrán sabidothey will have known |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría sabidoI would have known | nosotros | habríamos sabidowe would have known |
| tú | habrías sabidoyou would have known | vosotros | habríais sabidoyou all would have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría sabidohe/she would have known | ellos/Uds. | habrían sabidothey would have known |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | supiere(should) I know | nosotros | supiéremos(should) we know |
| tú | supieres(should) you know | vosotros | supiereis(should) you all know |
| él/ella/Ud. | supiere(should) he/she know | ellos/Uds. | supieren(should) they know |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | sepamoslet's know |
| tú | sabeknow! | vosotros | sabedknow! |
| él/ella/Ud. | sepaknow! | ellos/Uds. | sepanknow! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no sepamoslet's not know |
| tú | no sepasdon't know | vosotros | no sepáisdon't know |
| él/ella/Ud. | no sepadon't know | ellos/Uds. | no sepandon't know |
Red = the form breaks the regular pattern. Everything in black you could have worked out from the endings alone.