responder
to answerPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | respondoI answer | nosotros | respondemoswe answer |
| tú | respondesyou answer | vosotros | respondéisyou all answer |
| él/ella/Ud. | respondehe/she answers | ellos/Uds. | respondenthey answer |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he respondidoI have answered | nosotros | hemos respondidowe have answered |
| tú | has respondidoyou have answered | vosotros | habéis respondidoyou all have answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha respondidohe/she has answered | ellos/Uds. | han respondidothey have answered |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | responda(that) I answer | nosotros | respondamos(that) we answer |
| tú | respondas(that) you answer | vosotros | respondáis(that) you all answer |
| él/ella/Ud. | responda(that) he/she answers | ellos/Uds. | respondan(that) they answer |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya respondido(that) I have answered | nosotros | hayamos respondido(that) we have answered |
| tú | hayas respondido(that) you have answered | vosotros | hayáis respondido(that) you all have answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya respondido(that) he/she has answered | ellos/Uds. | hayan respondido(that) they have answered |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | respondíI answered | nosotros | respondimoswe answered |
| tú | respondisteyou answered | vosotros | respondisteisyou all answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | respondióhe/she answered | ellos/Uds. | respondieronthey answered |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | respondíaI used to answer | nosotros | respondíamoswe used to answer |
| tú | respondíasyou used to answer | vosotros | respondíaisyou all used to answer |
| él/ella/Ud. | respondíahe/she used to answer | ellos/Uds. | respondíanthey used to answer |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había respondidoI had answered | nosotros | habíamos respondidowe had answered |
| tú | habías respondidoyou had answered | vosotros | habíais respondidoyou all had answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | había respondidohe/she had answered | ellos/Uds. | habían respondidothey had answered |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | respondiera(that) I answered | nosotros | respondiéramos(that) we answered |
| tú | respondieras(that) you answered | vosotros | respondierais(that) you all answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | respondiera(that) he/she answered | ellos/Uds. | respondieran(that) they answered |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | respondiese(that) I answered | nosotros | respondiésemos(that) we answered |
| tú | respondieses(that) you answered | vosotros | respondieseis(that) you all answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | respondiese(that) he/she answered | ellos/Uds. | respondiesen(that) they answered |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera respondido(that) I had answered | nosotros | hubiéramos respondido(that) we had answered |
| tú | hubieras respondido(that) you had answered | vosotros | hubierais respondido(that) you all had answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera respondido(that) he/she had answered | ellos/Uds. | hubieran respondido(that) they had answered |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube respondidoI had answered | nosotros | hubimos respondidowe had answered |
| tú | hubiste respondidoyou had answered | vosotros | hubisteis respondidoyou all had answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo respondidohe/she had answered | ellos/Uds. | hubieron respondidothey had answered |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | responderéI will answer | nosotros | responderemoswe will answer |
| tú | responderásyou will answer | vosotros | responderéisyou all will answer |
| él/ella/Ud. | responderáhe/she will answer | ellos/Uds. | responderánthey will answer |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | responderíaI would answer | nosotros | responderíamoswe would answer |
| tú | responderíasyou would answer | vosotros | responderíaisyou all would answer |
| él/ella/Ud. | responderíahe/she would answer | ellos/Uds. | responderíanthey would answer |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré respondidoI will have answered | nosotros | habremos respondidowe will have answered |
| tú | habrás respondidoyou will have answered | vosotros | habréis respondidoyou all will have answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá respondidohe/she will have answered | ellos/Uds. | habrán respondidothey will have answered |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría respondidoI would have answered | nosotros | habríamos respondidowe would have answered |
| tú | habrías respondidoyou would have answered | vosotros | habríais respondidoyou all would have answered |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría respondidohe/she would have answered | ellos/Uds. | habrían respondidothey would have answered |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | respondiere(should) I answer | nosotros | respondiéremos(should) we answer |
| tú | respondieres(should) you answer | vosotros | respondiereis(should) you all answer |
| él/ella/Ud. | respondiere(should) he/she answer | ellos/Uds. | respondieren(should) they answer |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | respondamoslet's answer |
| tú | respondeanswer! | vosotros | respondedanswer! |
| él/ella/Ud. | respondaanswer! | ellos/Uds. | respondananswer! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no respondamoslet's not answer |
| tú | no respondasdon't answer | vosotros | no respondáisdon't answer |
| él/ella/Ud. | no respondadon't answer | ellos/Uds. | no respondandon't answer |
