respirar
to breathePresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | respiroI breathe | nosotros | respiramoswe breathe |
| tú | respirasyou breathe | vosotros | respiráisyou all breathe |
| él/ella/Ud. | respirahe/she breathes | ellos/Uds. | respiranthey breathe |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he respiradoI have breathed | nosotros | hemos respiradowe have breathed |
| tú | has respiradoyou have breathed | vosotros | habéis respiradoyou all have breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha respiradohe/she has breathed | ellos/Uds. | han respiradothey have breathed |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | respire(that) I breathe | nosotros | respiremos(that) we breathe |
| tú | respires(that) you breathe | vosotros | respiréis(that) you all breathe |
| él/ella/Ud. | respire(that) he/she breathes | ellos/Uds. | respiren(that) they breathe |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya respirado(that) I have breathed | nosotros | hayamos respirado(that) we have breathed |
| tú | hayas respirado(that) you have breathed | vosotros | hayáis respirado(that) you all have breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya respirado(that) he/she has breathed | ellos/Uds. | hayan respirado(that) they have breathed |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | respiréI breathed | nosotros | respiramoswe breathed |
| tú | respirasteyou breathed | vosotros | respirasteisyou all breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | respiróhe/she breathed | ellos/Uds. | respiraronthey breathed |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | respirabaI used to breathe | nosotros | respirábamoswe used to breathe |
| tú | respirabasyou used to breathe | vosotros | respirabaisyou all used to breathe |
| él/ella/Ud. | respirabahe/she used to breathe | ellos/Uds. | respirabanthey used to breathe |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había respiradoI had breathed | nosotros | habíamos respiradowe had breathed |
| tú | habías respiradoyou had breathed | vosotros | habíais respiradoyou all had breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | había respiradohe/she had breathed | ellos/Uds. | habían respiradothey had breathed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | respirara(that) I breathed | nosotros | respiráramos(that) we breathed |
| tú | respiraras(that) you breathed | vosotros | respirarais(that) you all breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | respirara(that) he/she breathed | ellos/Uds. | respiraran(that) they breathed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | respirase(that) I breathed | nosotros | respirásemos(that) we breathed |
| tú | respirases(that) you breathed | vosotros | respiraseis(that) you all breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | respirase(that) he/she breathed | ellos/Uds. | respirasen(that) they breathed |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera respirado(that) I had breathed | nosotros | hubiéramos respirado(that) we had breathed |
| tú | hubieras respirado(that) you had breathed | vosotros | hubierais respirado(that) you all had breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera respirado(that) he/she had breathed | ellos/Uds. | hubieran respirado(that) they had breathed |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube respiradoI had breathed | nosotros | hubimos respiradowe had breathed |
| tú | hubiste respiradoyou had breathed | vosotros | hubisteis respiradoyou all had breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo respiradohe/she had breathed | ellos/Uds. | hubieron respiradothey had breathed |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | respiraréI will breathe | nosotros | respiraremoswe will breathe |
| tú | respirarásyou will breathe | vosotros | respiraréisyou all will breathe |
| él/ella/Ud. | respiraráhe/she will breathe | ellos/Uds. | respiraránthey will breathe |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | respiraríaI would breathe | nosotros | respiraríamoswe would breathe |
| tú | respiraríasyou would breathe | vosotros | respiraríaisyou all would breathe |
| él/ella/Ud. | respiraríahe/she would breathe | ellos/Uds. | respiraríanthey would breathe |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré respiradoI will have breathed | nosotros | habremos respiradowe will have breathed |
| tú | habrás respiradoyou will have breathed | vosotros | habréis respiradoyou all will have breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá respiradohe/she will have breathed | ellos/Uds. | habrán respiradothey will have breathed |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría respiradoI would have breathed | nosotros | habríamos respiradowe would have breathed |
| tú | habrías respiradoyou would have breathed | vosotros | habríais respiradoyou all would have breathed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría respiradohe/she would have breathed | ellos/Uds. | habrían respiradothey would have breathed |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | respirare(should) I breathe | nosotros | respiráremos(should) we breathe |
| tú | respirares(should) you breathe | vosotros | respirareis(should) you all breathe |
| él/ella/Ud. | respirare(should) he/she breathe | ellos/Uds. | respiraren(should) they breathe |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | respiremoslet's breathe |
| tú | respirabreathe! | vosotros | respiradbreathe! |
| él/ella/Ud. | respirebreathe! | ellos/Uds. | respirenbreathe! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no respiremoslet's not breathe |
| tú | no respiresdon't breathe | vosotros | no respiréisdon't breathe |
| él/ella/Ud. | no respiredon't breathe | ellos/Uds. | no respirendon't breathe |
