observar
to observePresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | observoI observe | nosotros | observamoswe observe |
| tú | observasyou observe | vosotros | observáisyou all observe |
| él/ella/Ud. | observahe/she observes | ellos/Uds. | observanthey observe |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he observadoI have observed | nosotros | hemos observadowe have observed |
| tú | has observadoyou have observed | vosotros | habéis observadoyou all have observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha observadohe/she has observed | ellos/Uds. | han observadothey have observed |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | observe(that) I observe | nosotros | observemos(that) we observe |
| tú | observes(that) you observe | vosotros | observéis(that) you all observe |
| él/ella/Ud. | observe(that) he/she observes | ellos/Uds. | observen(that) they observe |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya observado(that) I have observed | nosotros | hayamos observado(that) we have observed |
| tú | hayas observado(that) you have observed | vosotros | hayáis observado(that) you all have observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya observado(that) he/she has observed | ellos/Uds. | hayan observado(that) they have observed |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | observéI observed | nosotros | observamoswe observed |
| tú | observasteyou observed | vosotros | observasteisyou all observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | observóhe/she observed | ellos/Uds. | observaronthey observed |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | observabaI used to observe | nosotros | observábamoswe used to observe |
| tú | observabasyou used to observe | vosotros | observabaisyou all used to observe |
| él/ella/Ud. | observabahe/she used to observe | ellos/Uds. | observabanthey used to observe |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había observadoI had observed | nosotros | habíamos observadowe had observed |
| tú | habías observadoyou had observed | vosotros | habíais observadoyou all had observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | había observadohe/she had observed | ellos/Uds. | habían observadothey had observed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | observara(that) I observed | nosotros | observáramos(that) we observed |
| tú | observaras(that) you observed | vosotros | observarais(that) you all observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | observara(that) he/she observed | ellos/Uds. | observaran(that) they observed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | observase(that) I observed | nosotros | observásemos(that) we observed |
| tú | observases(that) you observed | vosotros | observaseis(that) you all observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | observase(that) he/she observed | ellos/Uds. | observasen(that) they observed |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera observado(that) I had observed | nosotros | hubiéramos observado(that) we had observed |
| tú | hubieras observado(that) you had observed | vosotros | hubierais observado(that) you all had observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera observado(that) he/she had observed | ellos/Uds. | hubieran observado(that) they had observed |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube observadoI had observed | nosotros | hubimos observadowe had observed |
| tú | hubiste observadoyou had observed | vosotros | hubisteis observadoyou all had observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo observadohe/she had observed | ellos/Uds. | hubieron observadothey had observed |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | observaréI will observe | nosotros | observaremoswe will observe |
| tú | observarásyou will observe | vosotros | observaréisyou all will observe |
| él/ella/Ud. | observaráhe/she will observe | ellos/Uds. | observaránthey will observe |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | observaríaI would observe | nosotros | observaríamoswe would observe |
| tú | observaríasyou would observe | vosotros | observaríaisyou all would observe |
| él/ella/Ud. | observaríahe/she would observe | ellos/Uds. | observaríanthey would observe |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré observadoI will have observed | nosotros | habremos observadowe will have observed |
| tú | habrás observadoyou will have observed | vosotros | habréis observadoyou all will have observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá observadohe/she will have observed | ellos/Uds. | habrán observadothey will have observed |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría observadoI would have observed | nosotros | habríamos observadowe would have observed |
| tú | habrías observadoyou would have observed | vosotros | habríais observadoyou all would have observed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría observadohe/she would have observed | ellos/Uds. | habrían observadothey would have observed |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | observare(should) I observe | nosotros | observáremos(should) we observe |
| tú | observares(should) you observe | vosotros | observareis(should) you all observe |
| él/ella/Ud. | observare(should) he/she observe | ellos/Uds. | observaren(should) they observe |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | observemoslet's observe |
| tú | observaobserve! | vosotros | observadobserve! |
| él/ella/Ud. | observeobserve! | ellos/Uds. | observenobserve! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no observemoslet's not observe |
| tú | no observesdon't observe | vosotros | no observéisdon't observe |
| él/ella/Ud. | no observedon't observe | ellos/Uds. | no observendon't observe |
