nacer
to be bornPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | nazcoI am born | nosotros | nacemoswe are born |
| tú | nacesyou are born | vosotros | nacéisyou all are born |
| él/ella/Ud. | nacehe/she is born | ellos/Uds. | nacenthey are born |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he nacidoI have been born | nosotros | hemos nacidowe have been born |
| tú | has nacidoyou have been born | vosotros | habéis nacidoyou all have been born |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha nacidohe/she has been born | ellos/Uds. | han nacidothey have been born |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | nazca(that) I am born | nosotros | nazcamos(that) we are born |
| tú | nazcas(that) you are born | vosotros | nazcáis(that) you all are born |
| él/ella/Ud. | nazca(that) he/she is born | ellos/Uds. | nazcan(that) they are born |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya nacido(that) I have been born | nosotros | hayamos nacido(that) we have been born |
| tú | hayas nacido(that) you have been born | vosotros | hayáis nacido(that) you all have been born |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya nacido(that) he/she has been born | ellos/Uds. | hayan nacido(that) they have been born |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | nacíI was born | nosotros | nacimoswe were born |
| tú | nacisteyou were born | vosotros | nacisteisyou all were born |
| él/ella/Ud. | nacióhe/she was born | ellos/Uds. | nacieronthey were born |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | nacíaI used to be born | nosotros | nacíamoswe used to be born |
| tú | nacíasyou used to be born | vosotros | nacíaisyou all used to be born |
| él/ella/Ud. | nacíahe/she used to be born | ellos/Uds. | nacíanthey used to be born |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había nacidoI had been born | nosotros | habíamos nacidowe had been born |
| tú | habías nacidoyou had been born | vosotros | habíais nacidoyou all had been born |
| él/ella/Ud. | había nacidohe/she had been born | ellos/Uds. | habían nacidothey had been born |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | naciera(that) I was born | nosotros | naciéramos(that) we were born |
| tú | nacieras(that) you were born | vosotros | nacierais(that) you all were born |
| él/ella/Ud. | naciera(that) he/she was born | ellos/Uds. | nacieran(that) they were born |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | naciese(that) I was born | nosotros | naciésemos(that) we were born |
| tú | nacieses(that) you were born | vosotros | nacieseis(that) you all were born |
| él/ella/Ud. | naciese(that) he/she was born | ellos/Uds. | naciesen(that) they were born |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera nacido(that) I had been born | nosotros | hubiéramos nacido(that) we had been born |
| tú | hubieras nacido(that) you had been born | vosotros | hubierais nacido(that) you all had been born |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera nacido(that) he/she had been born | ellos/Uds. | hubieran nacido(that) they had been born |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube nacidoI had been born | nosotros | hubimos nacidowe had been born |
| tú | hubiste nacidoyou had been born | vosotros | hubisteis nacidoyou all had been born |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo nacidohe/she had been born | ellos/Uds. | hubieron nacidothey had been born |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | naceréI will be born | nosotros | naceremoswe will be born |
| tú | nacerásyou will be born | vosotros | naceréisyou all will be born |
| él/ella/Ud. | naceráhe/she will be born | ellos/Uds. | naceránthey will be born |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | naceríaI would be born | nosotros | naceríamoswe would be born |
| tú | naceríasyou would be born | vosotros | naceríaisyou all would be born |
| él/ella/Ud. | naceríahe/she would be born | ellos/Uds. | naceríanthey would be born |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré nacidoI will have been born | nosotros | habremos nacidowe will have been born |
| tú | habrás nacidoyou will have been born | vosotros | habréis nacidoyou all will have been born |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá nacidohe/she will have been born | ellos/Uds. | habrán nacidothey will have been born |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría nacidoI would have been born | nosotros | habríamos nacidowe would have been born |
| tú | habrías nacidoyou would have been born | vosotros | habríais nacidoyou all would have been born |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría nacidohe/she would have been born | ellos/Uds. | habrían nacidothey would have been born |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | naciere(should) I be born | nosotros | naciéremos(should) we be born |
| tú | nacieres(should) you be born | vosotros | naciereis(should) you all be born |
| él/ella/Ud. | naciere(should) he/she be born | ellos/Uds. | nacieren(should) they be born |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | nazcamoslet's be born |
| tú | nacebe born! | vosotros | nacedbe born! |
| él/ella/Ud. | nazcabe born! | ellos/Uds. | nazcanbe born! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no nazcamoslet's not be born |
| tú | no nazcasdon't be born | vosotros | no nazcáisdon't be born |
| él/ella/Ud. | no nazcadon't be born | ellos/Uds. | no nazcandon't be born |
