limpiar
to cleanPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | limpioI clean | nosotros | limpiamoswe clean |
| tú | limpiasyou clean | vosotros | limpiáisyou all clean |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpiahe/she cleans | ellos/Uds. | limpianthey clean |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he limpiadoI have cleaned | nosotros | hemos limpiadowe have cleaned |
| tú | has limpiadoyou have cleaned | vosotros | habéis limpiadoyou all have cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha limpiadohe/she has cleaned | ellos/Uds. | han limpiadothey have cleaned |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | limpie(that) I clean | nosotros | limpiemos(that) we clean |
| tú | limpies(that) you clean | vosotros | limpiéis(that) you all clean |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpie(that) he/she cleans | ellos/Uds. | limpien(that) they clean |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya limpiado(that) I have cleaned | nosotros | hayamos limpiado(that) we have cleaned |
| tú | hayas limpiado(that) you have cleaned | vosotros | hayáis limpiado(that) you all have cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya limpiado(that) he/she has cleaned | ellos/Uds. | hayan limpiado(that) they have cleaned |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | limpiéI cleaned | nosotros | limpiamoswe cleaned |
| tú | limpiasteyou cleaned | vosotros | limpiasteisyou all cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpióhe/she cleaned | ellos/Uds. | limpiaronthey cleaned |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | limpiabaI used to clean | nosotros | limpiábamoswe used to clean |
| tú | limpiabasyou used to clean | vosotros | limpiabaisyou all used to clean |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpiabahe/she used to clean | ellos/Uds. | limpiabanthey used to clean |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había limpiadoI had cleaned | nosotros | habíamos limpiadowe had cleaned |
| tú | habías limpiadoyou had cleaned | vosotros | habíais limpiadoyou all had cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | había limpiadohe/she had cleaned | ellos/Uds. | habían limpiadothey had cleaned |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | limpiara(that) I cleaned | nosotros | limpiáramos(that) we cleaned |
| tú | limpiaras(that) you cleaned | vosotros | limpiarais(that) you all cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpiara(that) he/she cleaned | ellos/Uds. | limpiaran(that) they cleaned |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | limpiase(that) I cleaned | nosotros | limpiásemos(that) we cleaned |
| tú | limpiases(that) you cleaned | vosotros | limpiaseis(that) you all cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpiase(that) he/she cleaned | ellos/Uds. | limpiasen(that) they cleaned |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera limpiado(that) I had cleaned | nosotros | hubiéramos limpiado(that) we had cleaned |
| tú | hubieras limpiado(that) you had cleaned | vosotros | hubierais limpiado(that) you all had cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera limpiado(that) he/she had cleaned | ellos/Uds. | hubieran limpiado(that) they had cleaned |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube limpiadoI had cleaned | nosotros | hubimos limpiadowe had cleaned |
| tú | hubiste limpiadoyou had cleaned | vosotros | hubisteis limpiadoyou all had cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo limpiadohe/she had cleaned | ellos/Uds. | hubieron limpiadothey had cleaned |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | limpiaréI will clean | nosotros | limpiaremoswe will clean |
| tú | limpiarásyou will clean | vosotros | limpiaréisyou all will clean |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpiaráhe/she will clean | ellos/Uds. | limpiaránthey will clean |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | limpiaríaI would clean | nosotros | limpiaríamoswe would clean |
| tú | limpiaríasyou would clean | vosotros | limpiaríaisyou all would clean |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpiaríahe/she would clean | ellos/Uds. | limpiaríanthey would clean |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré limpiadoI will have cleaned | nosotros | habremos limpiadowe will have cleaned |
| tú | habrás limpiadoyou will have cleaned | vosotros | habréis limpiadoyou all will have cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá limpiadohe/she will have cleaned | ellos/Uds. | habrán limpiadothey will have cleaned |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría limpiadoI would have cleaned | nosotros | habríamos limpiadowe would have cleaned |
| tú | habrías limpiadoyou would have cleaned | vosotros | habríais limpiadoyou all would have cleaned |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría limpiadohe/she would have cleaned | ellos/Uds. | habrían limpiadothey would have cleaned |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | limpiare(should) I clean | nosotros | limpiáremos(should) we clean |
| tú | limpiares(should) you clean | vosotros | limpiareis(should) you all clean |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpiare(should) he/she clean | ellos/Uds. | limpiaren(should) they clean |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | limpiemoslet's clean |
| tú | limpiaclean! | vosotros | limpiadclean! |
| él/ella/Ud. | limpieclean! | ellos/Uds. | limpienclean! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no limpiemoslet's not clean |
| tú | no limpiesdon't clean | vosotros | no limpiéisdon't clean |
| él/ella/Ud. | no limpiedon't clean | ellos/Uds. | no limpiendon't clean |
