leer
to readPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | leoI read | nosotros | leemoswe read |
| tú | leesyou read | vosotros | leéisyou all read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leehe/she reads | ellos/Uds. | leenthey read |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he leídoI have read | nosotros | hemos leídowe have read |
| tú | has leídoyou have read | vosotros | habéis leídoyou all have read |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha leídohe/she has read | ellos/Uds. | han leídothey have read |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | lea(that) I read | nosotros | leamos(that) we read |
| tú | leas(that) you read | vosotros | leáis(that) you all read |
| él/ella/Ud. | lea(that) he/she reads | ellos/Uds. | lean(that) they read |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya leído(that) I have read | nosotros | hayamos leído(that) we have read |
| tú | hayas leído(that) you have read | vosotros | hayáis leído(that) you all have read |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya leído(that) he/she has read | ellos/Uds. | hayan leído(that) they have read |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | leíI read | nosotros | leímoswe read |
| tú | leísteyou read | vosotros | leísteisyou all read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leyóhe/she read | ellos/Uds. | leyeronthey read |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | leíaI used to read | nosotros | leíamoswe used to read |
| tú | leíasyou used to read | vosotros | leíaisyou all used to read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leíahe/she used to read | ellos/Uds. | leíanthey used to read |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había leídoI had read | nosotros | habíamos leídowe had read |
| tú | habías leídoyou had read | vosotros | habíais leídoyou all had read |
| él/ella/Ud. | había leídohe/she had read | ellos/Uds. | habían leídothey had read |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | leyera(that) I read | nosotros | leyéramos(that) we read |
| tú | leyeras(that) you read | vosotros | leyerais(that) you all read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leyera(that) he/she read | ellos/Uds. | leyeran(that) they read |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | leyese(that) I read | nosotros | leyésemos(that) we read |
| tú | leyeses(that) you read | vosotros | leyeseis(that) you all read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leyese(that) he/she read | ellos/Uds. | leyesen(that) they read |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera leído(that) I had read | nosotros | hubiéramos leído(that) we had read |
| tú | hubieras leído(that) you had read | vosotros | hubierais leído(that) you all had read |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera leído(that) he/she had read | ellos/Uds. | hubieran leído(that) they had read |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube leídoI had read | nosotros | hubimos leídowe had read |
| tú | hubiste leídoyou had read | vosotros | hubisteis leídoyou all had read |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo leídohe/she had read | ellos/Uds. | hubieron leídothey had read |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | leeréI will read | nosotros | leeremoswe will read |
| tú | leerásyou will read | vosotros | leeréisyou all will read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leeráhe/she will read | ellos/Uds. | leeránthey will read |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | leeríaI would read | nosotros | leeríamoswe would read |
| tú | leeríasyou would read | vosotros | leeríaisyou all would read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leeríahe/she would read | ellos/Uds. | leeríanthey would read |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré leídoI will have read | nosotros | habremos leídowe will have read |
| tú | habrás leídoyou will have read | vosotros | habréis leídoyou all will have read |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá leídohe/she will have read | ellos/Uds. | habrán leídothey will have read |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría leídoI would have read | nosotros | habríamos leídowe would have read |
| tú | habrías leídoyou would have read | vosotros | habríais leídoyou all would have read |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría leídohe/she would have read | ellos/Uds. | habrían leídothey would have read |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | leyere(should) I read | nosotros | leyéremos(should) we read |
| tú | leyeres(should) you read | vosotros | leyereis(should) you all read |
| él/ella/Ud. | leyere(should) he/she read | ellos/Uds. | leyeren(should) they read |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | leamoslet's read |
| tú | leeread! | vosotros | leedread! |
| él/ella/Ud. | learead! | ellos/Uds. | leanread! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no leamoslet's not read |
| tú | no leasdon't read | vosotros | no leáisdon't read |
| él/ella/Ud. | no leadon't read | ellos/Uds. | no leandon't read |
