hablar
to speakPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | habloI speak | nosotros | hablamoswe speak |
| tú | hablasyou speak | vosotros | habláisyou all speak |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablahe/she speaks | ellos/Uds. | hablanthey speak |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he habladoI have spoken | nosotros | hemos habladowe have spoken |
| tú | has habladoyou have spoken | vosotros | habéis habladoyou all have spoken |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha habladohe/she has spoken | ellos/Uds. | han habladothey have spoken |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | hable(that) I speak | nosotros | hablemos(that) we speak |
| tú | hables(that) you speak | vosotros | habléis(that) you all speak |
| él/ella/Ud. | hable(that) he/she speaks | ellos/Uds. | hablen(that) they speak |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya hablado(that) I have spoken | nosotros | hayamos hablado(that) we have spoken |
| tú | hayas hablado(that) you have spoken | vosotros | hayáis hablado(that) you all have spoken |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya hablado(that) he/she has spoken | ellos/Uds. | hayan hablado(that) they have spoken |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | habléI spoke | nosotros | hablamoswe spoke |
| tú | hablasteyou spoke | vosotros | hablasteisyou all spoke |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablóhe/she spoke | ellos/Uds. | hablaronthey spoke |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | hablabaI used to speak | nosotros | hablábamoswe used to speak |
| tú | hablabasyou used to speak | vosotros | hablabaisyou all used to speak |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablabahe/she used to speak | ellos/Uds. | hablabanthey used to speak |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había habladoI had spoken | nosotros | habíamos habladowe had spoken |
| tú | habías habladoyou had spoken | vosotros | habíais habladoyou all had spoken |
| él/ella/Ud. | había habladohe/she had spoken | ellos/Uds. | habían habladothey had spoken |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | hablara(that) I spoke | nosotros | habláramos(that) we spoke |
| tú | hablaras(that) you spoke | vosotros | hablarais(that) you all spoke |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablara(that) he/she spoke | ellos/Uds. | hablaran(that) they spoke |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | hablase(that) I spoke | nosotros | hablásemos(that) we spoke |
| tú | hablases(that) you spoke | vosotros | hablaseis(that) you all spoke |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablase(that) he/she spoke | ellos/Uds. | hablasen(that) they spoke |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera hablado(that) I had spoken | nosotros | hubiéramos hablado(that) we had spoken |
| tú | hubieras hablado(that) you had spoken | vosotros | hubierais hablado(that) you all had spoken |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera hablado(that) he/she had spoken | ellos/Uds. | hubieran hablado(that) they had spoken |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube habladoI had spoken | nosotros | hubimos habladowe had spoken |
| tú | hubiste habladoyou had spoken | vosotros | hubisteis habladoyou all had spoken |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo habladohe/she had spoken | ellos/Uds. | hubieron habladothey had spoken |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | hablaréI will speak | nosotros | hablaremoswe will speak |
| tú | hablarásyou will speak | vosotros | hablaréisyou all will speak |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablaráhe/she will speak | ellos/Uds. | hablaránthey will speak |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | hablaríaI would speak | nosotros | hablaríamoswe would speak |
| tú | hablaríasyou would speak | vosotros | hablaríaisyou all would speak |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablaríahe/she would speak | ellos/Uds. | hablaríanthey would speak |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré habladoI will have spoken | nosotros | habremos habladowe will have spoken |
| tú | habrás habladoyou will have spoken | vosotros | habréis habladoyou all will have spoken |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá habladohe/she will have spoken | ellos/Uds. | habrán habladothey will have spoken |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría habladoI would have spoken | nosotros | habríamos habladowe would have spoken |
| tú | habrías habladoyou would have spoken | vosotros | habríais habladoyou all would have spoken |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría habladohe/she would have spoken | ellos/Uds. | habrían habladothey would have spoken |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | hablare(should) I speak | nosotros | habláremos(should) we speak |
| tú | hablares(should) you speak | vosotros | hablareis(should) you all speak |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablare(should) he/she speak | ellos/Uds. | hablaren(should) they speak |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | hablemoslet's speak |
| tú | hablaspeak! | vosotros | habladspeak! |
| él/ella/Ud. | hablespeak! | ellos/Uds. | hablenspeak! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no hablemoslet's not speak |
| tú | no hablesdon't speak | vosotros | no habléisdon't speak |
| él/ella/Ud. | no habledon't speak | ellos/Uds. | no hablendon't speak |
