firmar
to signPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | firmoI sign | nosotros | firmamoswe sign |
| tú | firmasyou sign | vosotros | firmáisyou all sign |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmahe/she signs | ellos/Uds. | firmanthey sign |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he firmadoI have signed | nosotros | hemos firmadowe have signed |
| tú | has firmadoyou have signed | vosotros | habéis firmadoyou all have signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha firmadohe/she has signed | ellos/Uds. | han firmadothey have signed |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | firme(that) I sign | nosotros | firmemos(that) we sign |
| tú | firmes(that) you sign | vosotros | firméis(that) you all sign |
| él/ella/Ud. | firme(that) he/she signs | ellos/Uds. | firmen(that) they sign |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya firmado(that) I have signed | nosotros | hayamos firmado(that) we have signed |
| tú | hayas firmado(that) you have signed | vosotros | hayáis firmado(that) you all have signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya firmado(that) he/she has signed | ellos/Uds. | hayan firmado(that) they have signed |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | firméI signed | nosotros | firmamoswe signed |
| tú | firmasteyou signed | vosotros | firmasteisyou all signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmóhe/she signed | ellos/Uds. | firmaronthey signed |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | firmabaI used to sign | nosotros | firmábamoswe used to sign |
| tú | firmabasyou used to sign | vosotros | firmabaisyou all used to sign |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmabahe/she used to sign | ellos/Uds. | firmabanthey used to sign |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había firmadoI had signed | nosotros | habíamos firmadowe had signed |
| tú | habías firmadoyou had signed | vosotros | habíais firmadoyou all had signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | había firmadohe/she had signed | ellos/Uds. | habían firmadothey had signed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | firmara(that) I signed | nosotros | firmáramos(that) we signed |
| tú | firmaras(that) you signed | vosotros | firmarais(that) you all signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmara(that) he/she signed | ellos/Uds. | firmaran(that) they signed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | firmase(that) I signed | nosotros | firmásemos(that) we signed |
| tú | firmases(that) you signed | vosotros | firmaseis(that) you all signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmase(that) he/she signed | ellos/Uds. | firmasen(that) they signed |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera firmado(that) I had signed | nosotros | hubiéramos firmado(that) we had signed |
| tú | hubieras firmado(that) you had signed | vosotros | hubierais firmado(that) you all had signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera firmado(that) he/she had signed | ellos/Uds. | hubieran firmado(that) they had signed |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube firmadoI had signed | nosotros | hubimos firmadowe had signed |
| tú | hubiste firmadoyou had signed | vosotros | hubisteis firmadoyou all had signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo firmadohe/she had signed | ellos/Uds. | hubieron firmadothey had signed |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | firmaréI will sign | nosotros | firmaremoswe will sign |
| tú | firmarásyou will sign | vosotros | firmaréisyou all will sign |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmaráhe/she will sign | ellos/Uds. | firmaránthey will sign |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | firmaríaI would sign | nosotros | firmaríamoswe would sign |
| tú | firmaríasyou would sign | vosotros | firmaríaisyou all would sign |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmaríahe/she would sign | ellos/Uds. | firmaríanthey would sign |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré firmadoI will have signed | nosotros | habremos firmadowe will have signed |
| tú | habrás firmadoyou will have signed | vosotros | habréis firmadoyou all will have signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá firmadohe/she will have signed | ellos/Uds. | habrán firmadothey will have signed |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría firmadoI would have signed | nosotros | habríamos firmadowe would have signed |
| tú | habrías firmadoyou would have signed | vosotros | habríais firmadoyou all would have signed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría firmadohe/she would have signed | ellos/Uds. | habrían firmadothey would have signed |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | firmare(should) I sign | nosotros | firmáremos(should) we sign |
| tú | firmares(should) you sign | vosotros | firmareis(should) you all sign |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmare(should) he/she sign | ellos/Uds. | firmaren(should) they sign |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | firmemoslet's sign |
| tú | firmasign! | vosotros | firmadsign! |
| él/ella/Ud. | firmesign! | ellos/Uds. | firmensign! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no firmemoslet's not sign |
| tú | no firmesdon't sign | vosotros | no firméisdon't sign |
| él/ella/Ud. | no firmedon't sign | ellos/Uds. | no firmendon't sign |
