Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
yo
estoyI am
nosotros
estamoswe are
tú
estásyou are
vosotros
estáisyou all are
él/ella/Ud.
estáhe/she is
ellos/Uds.
estánthey are
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
yo
he estadoI have been
nosotros
hemos estadowe have been
tú
has estadoyou have been
vosotros
habéis estadoyou all have been
él/ella/Ud.
ha estadohe/she has been
ellos/Uds.
han estadothey have been
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
yo
esté(that) I am
nosotros
estemos(that) we are
tú
estés(that) you are
vosotros
estéis(that) you all are
él/ella/Ud.
esté(that) he/she is
ellos/Uds.
estén(that) they are
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
yo
haya estado(that) I have been
nosotros
hayamos estado(that) we have been
tú
hayas estado(that) you have been
vosotros
hayáis estado(that) you all have been
él/ella/Ud.
haya estado(that) he/she has been
ellos/Uds.
hayan estado(that) they have been
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
yo
estuveI was
nosotros
estuvimoswe were
tú
estuvisteyou were
vosotros
estuvisteisyou all were
él/ella/Ud.
estuvohe/she was
ellos/Uds.
estuvieronthey were
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
yo
estabaI used to be
nosotros
estábamoswe used to be
tú
estabasyou used to be
vosotros
estabaisyou all used to be
él/ella/Ud.
estabahe/she used to be
ellos/Uds.
estabanthey used to be
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
yo
había estadoI had been
nosotros
habíamos estadowe had been
tú
habías estadoyou had been
vosotros
habíais estadoyou all had been
él/ella/Ud.
había estadohe/she had been
ellos/Uds.
habían estadothey had been
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
yo
estuviera(that) I was
nosotros
estuviéramos(that) we were
tú
estuvieras(that) you were
vosotros
estuvierais(that) you all were
él/ella/Ud.
estuviera(that) he/she was
ellos/Uds.
estuvieran(that) they were
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
yo
estuviese(that) I was
nosotros
estuviésemos(that) we were
tú
estuvieses(that) you were
vosotros
estuvieseis(that) you all were
él/ella/Ud.
estuviese(that) he/she was
ellos/Uds.
estuviesen(that) they were
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
yo
hubiera estado(that) I had been
nosotros
hubiéramos estado(that) we had been
tú
hubieras estado(that) you had been
vosotros
hubierais estado(that) you all had been
él/ella/Ud.
hubiera estado(that) he/she had been
ellos/Uds.
hubieran estado(that) they had been
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
yo
hube estadoI had been
nosotros
hubimos estadowe had been
tú
hubiste estadoyou had been
vosotros
hubisteis estadoyou all had been
él/ella/Ud.
hubo estadohe/she had been
ellos/Uds.
hubieron estadothey had been
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
yo
estaréI will be
nosotros
estaremoswe will be
tú
estarásyou will be
vosotros
estaréisyou all will be
él/ella/Ud.
estaráhe/she will be
ellos/Uds.
estaránthey will be
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
yo
estaríaI would be
nosotros
estaríamoswe would be
tú
estaríasyou would be
vosotros
estaríaisyou all would be
él/ella/Ud.
estaríahe/she would be
ellos/Uds.
estaríanthey would be
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
yo
habré estadoI will have been
nosotros
habremos estadowe will have been
tú
habrás estadoyou will have been
vosotros
habréis estadoyou all will have been
él/ella/Ud.
habrá estadohe/she will have been
ellos/Uds.
habrán estadothey will have been
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
yo
habría estadoI would have been
nosotros
habríamos estadowe would have been
tú
habrías estadoyou would have been
vosotros
habríais estadoyou all would have been
él/ella/Ud.
habría estadohe/she would have been
ellos/Uds.
habrían estadothey would have been
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
yo
estuviere(should) I be
nosotros
estuviéremos(should) we be
tú
estuvieres(should) you be
vosotros
estuviereis(should) you all be
él/ella/Ud.
estuviere(should) he/she be
ellos/Uds.
estuvieren(should) they be
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
yo
—
nosotros
estemoslet's be
tú
estábe!
vosotros
estadbe!
él/ella/Ud.
estébe!
ellos/Uds.
esténbe!
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
yo
—
nosotros
no estemoslet's not be
tú
no estésdon't be
vosotros
no estéisdon't be
él/ella/Ud.
no estédon't be
ellos/Uds.
no esténdon't be
PresenteEstoy cansado hoy.I am tired today.
Presente de subjuntivoOjalá que estés bien.I hope you're well.
Pretérito indefinidoEstuvimos en Sevilla dos semanas.We were in Seville for two weeks.
Pretérito imperfectoLa puerta estaba abierta.The door was open.
Futuro simpleEstaré en casa a las ocho.I will be home at eight.
Condicional simpleEstaría mejor con un poco de sal.It would be better with a bit of salt.
Position, condition, mood — and the progressive: estoy comiendo. The irregularity is mostly stress: estoy, estás, está all carry an accent the regular pattern wouldn't give them, and the preterite runs off the strong stem estuv-.
Imagen.Luz de ventana — traducido de Window Light (Tyler Lastovich · stocksnap · CC0)
he, she, you (formal) — one other person — formal you shares it
Presente
estáhe/she is
Perfecto
ha estadohe/she has been
Subj. presente
esté(that) he/she is
Subj. perfecto
haya estado(that) he/she has been
Futuro
estaráhe/she will be
Condicional
estaríahe/she would be
Fut. perfecto
habrá estadohe/she will have been
Cond. perfecto
habría estadohe/she would have been
Subj. futuro
estuviere(should) he/she be
Indefinido
estuvohe/she was
Imperfecto
estabahe/she used to be
Pluscuamp.
había estadohe/she had been
Subj. imperf.
estuviera(that) he/she was
Subj. -se
estuviese(that) he/she was
Subj. pluscuamp.
hubiera estado(that) he/she had been
Pret. anterior
hubo estadohe/she had been
Imperativo
estébe!
Imper. negativo
no estédon't be
ellos / ellas / ustedes
they, you all — several others — plural you shares it
Presente
estánthey are
Perfecto
han estadothey have been
Subj. presente
estén(that) they are
Subj. perfecto
hayan estado(that) they have been
Futuro
estaránthey will be
Condicional
estaríanthey would be
Fut. perfecto
habrán estadothey will have been
Cond. perfecto
habrían estadothey would have been
Subj. futuro
estuvieren(should) they be
Indefinido
estuvieronthey were
Imperfecto
estabanthey used to be
Pluscuamp.
habían estadothey had been
Subj. imperf.
estuvieran(that) they were
Subj. -se
estuviesen(that) they were
Subj. pluscuamp.
hubieran estado(that) they had been
Pret. anterior
hubieron estadothey had been
Imperativo
esténbe!
Imper. negativo
no esténdon't be
PresenteEstoy cansado hoy.I am tired today.
Presente de subjuntivoOjalá que estés bien.I hope you're well.
Pretérito indefinidoEstuvimos en Sevilla dos semanas.We were in Seville for two weeks.
Pretérito imperfectoLa puerta estaba abierta.The door was open.
Futuro simpleEstaré en casa a las ocho.I will be home at eight.
Condicional simpleEstaría mejor con un poco de sal.It would be better with a bit of salt.
Position, condition, mood — and the progressive: estoy comiendo. The irregularity is mostly stress: estoy, estás, está all carry an accent the regular pattern wouldn't give them, and the preterite runs off the strong stem estuv-.
Imagen.Luz de ventana — traducido de Window Light (Tyler Lastovich · stocksnap · CC0)
