establecer
to establishparticipio establecidogerundio estableciendohe + participio he establecidoestoy + gerundio estoy estableciendo
Presentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | establezcoI establish | nosotros | establecemoswe establish |
| tú | establecesyou establish | vosotros | establecéisyou all establish |
| él/ella/Ud. | establecehe/she establishes | ellos/Uds. | establecenthey establish |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he establecidoI have established | nosotros | hemos establecidowe have established |
| tú | has establecidoyou have established | vosotros | habéis establecidoyou all have established |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha establecidohe/she has established | ellos/Uds. | han establecidothey have established |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | establezca(that) I establish | nosotros | establezcamos(that) we establish |
| tú | establezcas(that) you establish | vosotros | establezcáis(that) you all establish |
| él/ella/Ud. | establezca(that) he/she establishes | ellos/Uds. | establezcan(that) they establish |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya establecido(that) I have established | nosotros | hayamos establecido(that) we have established |
| tú | hayas establecido(that) you have established | vosotros | hayáis establecido(that) you all have established |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya establecido(that) he/she has established | ellos/Uds. | hayan establecido(that) they have established |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | establecíI established | nosotros | establecimoswe established |
| tú | establecisteyou established | vosotros | establecisteisyou all established |
| él/ella/Ud. | establecióhe/she established | ellos/Uds. | establecieronthey established |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | establecíaI used to establish | nosotros | establecíamoswe used to establish |
| tú | establecíasyou used to establish | vosotros | establecíaisyou all used to establish |
| él/ella/Ud. | establecíahe/she used to establish | ellos/Uds. | establecíanthey used to establish |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había establecidoI had established | nosotros | habíamos establecidowe had established |
| tú | habías establecidoyou had established | vosotros | habíais establecidoyou all had established |
| él/ella/Ud. | había establecidohe/she had established | ellos/Uds. | habían establecidothey had established |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | estableciera(that) I established | nosotros | estableciéramos(that) we established |
| tú | establecieras(that) you established | vosotros | establecierais(that) you all established |
| él/ella/Ud. | estableciera(that) he/she established | ellos/Uds. | establecieran(that) they established |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | estableciese(that) I established | nosotros | estableciésemos(that) we established |
| tú | establecieses(that) you established | vosotros | establecieseis(that) you all established |
| él/ella/Ud. | estableciese(that) he/she established | ellos/Uds. | estableciesen(that) they established |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera establecido(that) I had established | nosotros | hubiéramos establecido(that) we had established |
| tú | hubieras establecido(that) you had established | vosotros | hubierais establecido(that) you all had established |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera establecido(that) he/she had established | ellos/Uds. | hubieran establecido(that) they had established |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube establecidoI had established | nosotros | hubimos establecidowe had established |
| tú | hubiste establecidoyou had established | vosotros | hubisteis establecidoyou all had established |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo establecidohe/she had established | ellos/Uds. | hubieron establecidothey had established |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | estableceréI will establish | nosotros | estableceremoswe will establish |
| tú | establecerásyou will establish | vosotros | estableceréisyou all will establish |
| él/ella/Ud. | estableceráhe/she will establish | ellos/Uds. | estableceránthey will establish |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | estableceríaI would establish | nosotros | estableceríamoswe would establish |
| tú | estableceríasyou would establish | vosotros | estableceríaisyou all would establish |
| él/ella/Ud. | estableceríahe/she would establish | ellos/Uds. | estableceríanthey would establish |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré establecidoI will have established | nosotros | habremos establecidowe will have established |
| tú | habrás establecidoyou will have established | vosotros | habréis establecidoyou all will have established |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá establecidohe/she will have established | ellos/Uds. | habrán establecidothey will have established |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría establecidoI would have established | nosotros | habríamos establecidowe would have established |
| tú | habrías establecidoyou would have established | vosotros | habríais establecidoyou all would have established |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría establecidohe/she would have established | ellos/Uds. | habrían establecidothey would have established |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | estableciere(should) I establish | nosotros | estableciéremos(should) we establish |
| tú | establecieres(should) you establish | vosotros | estableciereis(should) you all establish |
| él/ella/Ud. | estableciere(should) he/she establish | ellos/Uds. | establecieren(should) they establish |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | establezcamoslet's establish |
| tú | estableceestablish! | vosotros | establecedestablish! |
| él/ella/Ud. | establezcaestablish! | ellos/Uds. | establezcanestablish! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no establezcamoslet's not establish |
| tú | no establezcasdon't establish | vosotros | no establezcáisdon't establish |
| él/ella/Ud. | no establezcadon't establish | ellos/Uds. | no establezcandon't establish |
Imagen. Placa del módulo lunar del Apolo 11 — traducido de Apollo 11 Lunar Module plaque (Apollo Image Gallery · flickr · PDM)
