entender
to understandPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | entiendoI understand | nosotros | entendemoswe understand |
| tú | entiendesyou understand | vosotros | entendéisyou all understand |
| él/ella/Ud. | entiendehe/she understands | ellos/Uds. | entiendenthey understand |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he entendidoI have understood | nosotros | hemos entendidowe have understood |
| tú | has entendidoyou have understood | vosotros | habéis entendidoyou all have understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha entendidohe/she has understood | ellos/Uds. | han entendidothey have understood |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | entienda(that) I understand | nosotros | entendamos(that) we understand |
| tú | entiendas(that) you understand | vosotros | entendáis(that) you all understand |
| él/ella/Ud. | entienda(that) he/she understands | ellos/Uds. | entiendan(that) they understand |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya entendido(that) I have understood | nosotros | hayamos entendido(that) we have understood |
| tú | hayas entendido(that) you have understood | vosotros | hayáis entendido(that) you all have understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya entendido(that) he/she has understood | ellos/Uds. | hayan entendido(that) they have understood |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | entendíI understood | nosotros | entendimoswe understood |
| tú | entendisteyou understood | vosotros | entendisteisyou all understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | entendióhe/she understood | ellos/Uds. | entendieronthey understood |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | entendíaI used to understand | nosotros | entendíamoswe used to understand |
| tú | entendíasyou used to understand | vosotros | entendíaisyou all used to understand |
| él/ella/Ud. | entendíahe/she used to understand | ellos/Uds. | entendíanthey used to understand |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había entendidoI had understood | nosotros | habíamos entendidowe had understood |
| tú | habías entendidoyou had understood | vosotros | habíais entendidoyou all had understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | había entendidohe/she had understood | ellos/Uds. | habían entendidothey had understood |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | entendiera(that) I understood | nosotros | entendiéramos(that) we understood |
| tú | entendieras(that) you understood | vosotros | entendierais(that) you all understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | entendiera(that) he/she understood | ellos/Uds. | entendieran(that) they understood |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | entendiese(that) I understood | nosotros | entendiésemos(that) we understood |
| tú | entendieses(that) you understood | vosotros | entendieseis(that) you all understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | entendiese(that) he/she understood | ellos/Uds. | entendiesen(that) they understood |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera entendido(that) I had understood | nosotros | hubiéramos entendido(that) we had understood |
| tú | hubieras entendido(that) you had understood | vosotros | hubierais entendido(that) you all had understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera entendido(that) he/she had understood | ellos/Uds. | hubieran entendido(that) they had understood |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube entendidoI had understood | nosotros | hubimos entendidowe had understood |
| tú | hubiste entendidoyou had understood | vosotros | hubisteis entendidoyou all had understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo entendidohe/she had understood | ellos/Uds. | hubieron entendidothey had understood |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | entenderéI will understand | nosotros | entenderemoswe will understand |
| tú | entenderásyou will understand | vosotros | entenderéisyou all will understand |
| él/ella/Ud. | entenderáhe/she will understand | ellos/Uds. | entenderánthey will understand |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | entenderíaI would understand | nosotros | entenderíamoswe would understand |
| tú | entenderíasyou would understand | vosotros | entenderíaisyou all would understand |
| él/ella/Ud. | entenderíahe/she would understand | ellos/Uds. | entenderíanthey would understand |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré entendidoI will have understood | nosotros | habremos entendidowe will have understood |
| tú | habrás entendidoyou will have understood | vosotros | habréis entendidoyou all will have understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá entendidohe/she will have understood | ellos/Uds. | habrán entendidothey will have understood |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría entendidoI would have understood | nosotros | habríamos entendidowe would have understood |
| tú | habrías entendidoyou would have understood | vosotros | habríais entendidoyou all would have understood |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría entendidohe/she would have understood | ellos/Uds. | habrían entendidothey would have understood |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | entendiere(should) I understand | nosotros | entendiéremos(should) we understand |
| tú | entendieres(should) you understand | vosotros | entendiereis(should) you all understand |
| él/ella/Ud. | entendiere(should) he/she understand | ellos/Uds. | entendieren(should) they understand |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | entendamoslet's understand |
| tú | entiendeunderstand! | vosotros | entendedunderstand! |
| él/ella/Ud. | entiendaunderstand! | ellos/Uds. | entiendanunderstand! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no entendamoslet's not understand |
| tú | no entiendasdon't understand | vosotros | no entendáisdon't understand |
| él/ella/Ud. | no entiendadon't understand | ellos/Uds. | no entiendandon't understand |
Red = the form breaks the regular pattern. Everything in black you could have worked out from the endings alone.