echar
to throw, to pourPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | echoI throw | nosotros | echamoswe throw |
| tú | echasyou throw | vosotros | echáisyou all throw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echahe/she throws | ellos/Uds. | echanthey throw |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he echadoI have thrown | nosotros | hemos echadowe have thrown |
| tú | has echadoyou have thrown | vosotros | habéis echadoyou all have thrown |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha echadohe/she has thrown | ellos/Uds. | han echadothey have thrown |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | eche(that) I throw | nosotros | echemos(that) we throw |
| tú | eches(that) you throw | vosotros | echéis(that) you all throw |
| él/ella/Ud. | eche(that) he/she throws | ellos/Uds. | echen(that) they throw |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya echado(that) I have thrown | nosotros | hayamos echado(that) we have thrown |
| tú | hayas echado(that) you have thrown | vosotros | hayáis echado(that) you all have thrown |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya echado(that) he/she has thrown | ellos/Uds. | hayan echado(that) they have thrown |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | echéI threw | nosotros | echamoswe threw |
| tú | echasteyou threw | vosotros | echasteisyou all threw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echóhe/she threw | ellos/Uds. | echaronthey threw |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | echabaI used to throw | nosotros | echábamoswe used to throw |
| tú | echabasyou used to throw | vosotros | echabaisyou all used to throw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echabahe/she used to throw | ellos/Uds. | echabanthey used to throw |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había echadoI had thrown | nosotros | habíamos echadowe had thrown |
| tú | habías echadoyou had thrown | vosotros | habíais echadoyou all had thrown |
| él/ella/Ud. | había echadohe/she had thrown | ellos/Uds. | habían echadothey had thrown |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | echara(that) I threw | nosotros | echáramos(that) we threw |
| tú | echaras(that) you threw | vosotros | echarais(that) you all threw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echara(that) he/she threw | ellos/Uds. | echaran(that) they threw |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | echase(that) I threw | nosotros | echásemos(that) we threw |
| tú | echases(that) you threw | vosotros | echaseis(that) you all threw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echase(that) he/she threw | ellos/Uds. | echasen(that) they threw |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera echado(that) I had thrown | nosotros | hubiéramos echado(that) we had thrown |
| tú | hubieras echado(that) you had thrown | vosotros | hubierais echado(that) you all had thrown |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera echado(that) he/she had thrown | ellos/Uds. | hubieran echado(that) they had thrown |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube echadoI had thrown | nosotros | hubimos echadowe had thrown |
| tú | hubiste echadoyou had thrown | vosotros | hubisteis echadoyou all had thrown |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo echadohe/she had thrown | ellos/Uds. | hubieron echadothey had thrown |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | echaréI will throw | nosotros | echaremoswe will throw |
| tú | echarásyou will throw | vosotros | echaréisyou all will throw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echaráhe/she will throw | ellos/Uds. | echaránthey will throw |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | echaríaI would throw | nosotros | echaríamoswe would throw |
| tú | echaríasyou would throw | vosotros | echaríaisyou all would throw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echaríahe/she would throw | ellos/Uds. | echaríanthey would throw |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré echadoI will have thrown | nosotros | habremos echadowe will have thrown |
| tú | habrás echadoyou will have thrown | vosotros | habréis echadoyou all will have thrown |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá echadohe/she will have thrown | ellos/Uds. | habrán echadothey will have thrown |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría echadoI would have thrown | nosotros | habríamos echadowe would have thrown |
| tú | habrías echadoyou would have thrown | vosotros | habríais echadoyou all would have thrown |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría echadohe/she would have thrown | ellos/Uds. | habrían echadothey would have thrown |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | echare(should) I throw | nosotros | echáremos(should) we throw |
| tú | echares(should) you throw | vosotros | echareis(should) you all throw |
| él/ella/Ud. | echare(should) he/she throw | ellos/Uds. | echaren(should) they throw |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | echemoslet's throw |
| tú | echathrow! | vosotros | echadthrow! |
| él/ella/Ud. | echethrow! | ellos/Uds. | echenthrow! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no echemoslet's not throw |
| tú | no echesdon't throw | vosotros | no echéisdon't throw |
| él/ella/Ud. | no echedon't throw | ellos/Uds. | no echendon't throw |
