construir
to buildPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | construyoI build | nosotros | construimoswe build |
| tú | construyesyou build | vosotros | construísyou all build |
| él/ella/Ud. | construyehe/she builds | ellos/Uds. | construyenthey build |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he construidoI have built | nosotros | hemos construidowe have built |
| tú | has construidoyou have built | vosotros | habéis construidoyou all have built |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha construidohe/she has built | ellos/Uds. | han construidothey have built |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | construya(that) I build | nosotros | construyamos(that) we build |
| tú | construyas(that) you build | vosotros | construyáis(that) you all build |
| él/ella/Ud. | construya(that) he/she builds | ellos/Uds. | construyan(that) they build |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya construido(that) I have built | nosotros | hayamos construido(that) we have built |
| tú | hayas construido(that) you have built | vosotros | hayáis construido(that) you all have built |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya construido(that) he/she has built | ellos/Uds. | hayan construido(that) they have built |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | construíI built | nosotros | construimoswe built |
| tú | construisteyou built | vosotros | construisteisyou all built |
| él/ella/Ud. | construyóhe/she built | ellos/Uds. | construyeronthey built |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | construíaI used to build | nosotros | construíamoswe used to build |
| tú | construíasyou used to build | vosotros | construíaisyou all used to build |
| él/ella/Ud. | construíahe/she used to build | ellos/Uds. | construíanthey used to build |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había construidoI had built | nosotros | habíamos construidowe had built |
| tú | habías construidoyou had built | vosotros | habíais construidoyou all had built |
| él/ella/Ud. | había construidohe/she had built | ellos/Uds. | habían construidothey had built |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | construyera(that) I built | nosotros | construyéramos(that) we built |
| tú | construyeras(that) you built | vosotros | construyerais(that) you all built |
| él/ella/Ud. | construyera(that) he/she built | ellos/Uds. | construyeran(that) they built |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | construyese(that) I built | nosotros | construyésemos(that) we built |
| tú | construyeses(that) you built | vosotros | construyeseis(that) you all built |
| él/ella/Ud. | construyese(that) he/she built | ellos/Uds. | construyesen(that) they built |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera construido(that) I had built | nosotros | hubiéramos construido(that) we had built |
| tú | hubieras construido(that) you had built | vosotros | hubierais construido(that) you all had built |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera construido(that) he/she had built | ellos/Uds. | hubieran construido(that) they had built |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube construidoI had built | nosotros | hubimos construidowe had built |
| tú | hubiste construidoyou had built | vosotros | hubisteis construidoyou all had built |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo construidohe/she had built | ellos/Uds. | hubieron construidothey had built |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | construiréI will build | nosotros | construiremoswe will build |
| tú | construirásyou will build | vosotros | construiréisyou all will build |
| él/ella/Ud. | construiráhe/she will build | ellos/Uds. | construiránthey will build |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | construiríaI would build | nosotros | construiríamoswe would build |
| tú | construiríasyou would build | vosotros | construiríaisyou all would build |
| él/ella/Ud. | construiríahe/she would build | ellos/Uds. | construiríanthey would build |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré construidoI will have built | nosotros | habremos construidowe will have built |
| tú | habrás construidoyou will have built | vosotros | habréis construidoyou all will have built |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá construidohe/she will have built | ellos/Uds. | habrán construidothey will have built |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría construidoI would have built | nosotros | habríamos construidowe would have built |
| tú | habrías construidoyou would have built | vosotros | habríais construidoyou all would have built |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría construidohe/she would have built | ellos/Uds. | habrían construidothey would have built |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | construyere(should) I build | nosotros | construyéremos(should) we build |
| tú | construyeres(should) you build | vosotros | construyereis(should) you all build |
| él/ella/Ud. | construyere(should) he/she build | ellos/Uds. | construyeren(should) they build |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | construyamoslet's build |
| tú | construyebuild! | vosotros | construidbuild! |
| él/ella/Ud. | construyabuild! | ellos/Uds. | construyanbuild! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no construyamoslet's not build |
| tú | no construyasdon't build | vosotros | no construyáisdon't build |
| él/ella/Ud. | no construyadon't build | ellos/Uds. | no construyandon't build |
