conocer
to know (people, places)Presentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | conozcoI know | nosotros | conocemoswe know |
| tú | conocesyou know | vosotros | conocéisyou all know |
| él/ella/Ud. | conocehe/she knows | ellos/Uds. | conocenthey know |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he conocidoI have known | nosotros | hemos conocidowe have known |
| tú | has conocidoyou have known | vosotros | habéis conocidoyou all have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha conocidohe/she has known | ellos/Uds. | han conocidothey have known |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | conozca(that) I know | nosotros | conozcamos(that) we know |
| tú | conozcas(that) you know | vosotros | conozcáis(that) you all know |
| él/ella/Ud. | conozca(that) he/she knows | ellos/Uds. | conozcan(that) they know |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya conocido(that) I have known | nosotros | hayamos conocido(that) we have known |
| tú | hayas conocido(that) you have known | vosotros | hayáis conocido(that) you all have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya conocido(that) he/she has known | ellos/Uds. | hayan conocido(that) they have known |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | conocíI knew | nosotros | conocimoswe knew |
| tú | conocisteyou knew | vosotros | conocisteisyou all knew |
| él/ella/Ud. | conocióhe/she knew | ellos/Uds. | conocieronthey knew |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | conocíaI used to know | nosotros | conocíamoswe used to know |
| tú | conocíasyou used to know | vosotros | conocíaisyou all used to know |
| él/ella/Ud. | conocíahe/she used to know | ellos/Uds. | conocíanthey used to know |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había conocidoI had known | nosotros | habíamos conocidowe had known |
| tú | habías conocidoyou had known | vosotros | habíais conocidoyou all had known |
| él/ella/Ud. | había conocidohe/she had known | ellos/Uds. | habían conocidothey had known |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | conociera(that) I knew | nosotros | conociéramos(that) we knew |
| tú | conocieras(that) you knew | vosotros | conocierais(that) you all knew |
| él/ella/Ud. | conociera(that) he/she knew | ellos/Uds. | conocieran(that) they knew |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | conociese(that) I knew | nosotros | conociésemos(that) we knew |
| tú | conocieses(that) you knew | vosotros | conocieseis(that) you all knew |
| él/ella/Ud. | conociese(that) he/she knew | ellos/Uds. | conociesen(that) they knew |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera conocido(that) I had known | nosotros | hubiéramos conocido(that) we had known |
| tú | hubieras conocido(that) you had known | vosotros | hubierais conocido(that) you all had known |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera conocido(that) he/she had known | ellos/Uds. | hubieran conocido(that) they had known |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube conocidoI had known | nosotros | hubimos conocidowe had known |
| tú | hubiste conocidoyou had known | vosotros | hubisteis conocidoyou all had known |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo conocidohe/she had known | ellos/Uds. | hubieron conocidothey had known |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | conoceréI will know | nosotros | conoceremoswe will know |
| tú | conocerásyou will know | vosotros | conoceréisyou all will know |
| él/ella/Ud. | conoceráhe/she will know | ellos/Uds. | conoceránthey will know |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | conoceríaI would know | nosotros | conoceríamoswe would know |
| tú | conoceríasyou would know | vosotros | conoceríaisyou all would know |
| él/ella/Ud. | conoceríahe/she would know | ellos/Uds. | conoceríanthey would know |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré conocidoI will have known | nosotros | habremos conocidowe will have known |
| tú | habrás conocidoyou will have known | vosotros | habréis conocidoyou all will have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá conocidohe/she will have known | ellos/Uds. | habrán conocidothey will have known |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría conocidoI would have known | nosotros | habríamos conocidowe would have known |
| tú | habrías conocidoyou would have known | vosotros | habríais conocidoyou all would have known |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría conocidohe/she would have known | ellos/Uds. | habrían conocidothey would have known |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | conociere(should) I know | nosotros | conociéremos(should) we know |
| tú | conocieres(should) you know | vosotros | conociereis(should) you all know |
| él/ella/Ud. | conociere(should) he/she know | ellos/Uds. | conocieren(should) they know |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | conozcamoslet's know |
| tú | conoceknow! | vosotros | conocedknow! |
| él/ella/Ud. | conozcaknow! | ellos/Uds. | conozcanknow! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no conozcamoslet's not know |
| tú | no conozcasdon't know | vosotros | no conozcáisdon't know |
| él/ella/Ud. | no conozcadon't know | ellos/Uds. | no conozcandon't know |
