Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
yo
comoI eat
nosotros
comemoswe eat
tú
comesyou eat
vosotros
coméisyou all eat
él/ella/Ud.
comehe/she eats
ellos/Uds.
comenthey eat
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
yo
he comidoI have eaten
nosotros
hemos comidowe have eaten
tú
has comidoyou have eaten
vosotros
habéis comidoyou all have eaten
él/ella/Ud.
ha comidohe/she has eaten
ellos/Uds.
han comidothey have eaten
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
yo
coma(that) I eat
nosotros
comamos(that) we eat
tú
comas(that) you eat
vosotros
comáis(that) you all eat
él/ella/Ud.
coma(that) he/she eats
ellos/Uds.
coman(that) they eat
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
yo
haya comido(that) I have eaten
nosotros
hayamos comido(that) we have eaten
tú
hayas comido(that) you have eaten
vosotros
hayáis comido(that) you all have eaten
él/ella/Ud.
haya comido(that) he/she has eaten
ellos/Uds.
hayan comido(that) they have eaten
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
yo
comíI ate
nosotros
comimoswe ate
tú
comisteyou ate
vosotros
comisteisyou all ate
él/ella/Ud.
comióhe/she ate
ellos/Uds.
comieronthey ate
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
yo
comíaI used to eat
nosotros
comíamoswe used to eat
tú
comíasyou used to eat
vosotros
comíaisyou all used to eat
él/ella/Ud.
comíahe/she used to eat
ellos/Uds.
comíanthey used to eat
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
yo
había comidoI had eaten
nosotros
habíamos comidowe had eaten
tú
habías comidoyou had eaten
vosotros
habíais comidoyou all had eaten
él/ella/Ud.
había comidohe/she had eaten
ellos/Uds.
habían comidothey had eaten
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
yo
comiera(that) I ate
nosotros
comiéramos(that) we ate
tú
comieras(that) you ate
vosotros
comierais(that) you all ate
él/ella/Ud.
comiera(that) he/she ate
ellos/Uds.
comieran(that) they ate
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
yo
comiese(that) I ate
nosotros
comiésemos(that) we ate
tú
comieses(that) you ate
vosotros
comieseis(that) you all ate
él/ella/Ud.
comiese(that) he/she ate
ellos/Uds.
comiesen(that) they ate
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
yo
hubiera comido(that) I had eaten
nosotros
hubiéramos comido(that) we had eaten
tú
hubieras comido(that) you had eaten
vosotros
hubierais comido(that) you all had eaten
él/ella/Ud.
hubiera comido(that) he/she had eaten
ellos/Uds.
hubieran comido(that) they had eaten
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
yo
hube comidoI had eaten
nosotros
hubimos comidowe had eaten
tú
hubiste comidoyou had eaten
vosotros
hubisteis comidoyou all had eaten
él/ella/Ud.
hubo comidohe/she had eaten
ellos/Uds.
hubieron comidothey had eaten
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
yo
comeréI will eat
nosotros
comeremoswe will eat
tú
comerásyou will eat
vosotros
comeréisyou all will eat
él/ella/Ud.
comeráhe/she will eat
ellos/Uds.
comeránthey will eat
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
yo
comeríaI would eat
nosotros
comeríamoswe would eat
tú
comeríasyou would eat
vosotros
comeríaisyou all would eat
él/ella/Ud.
comeríahe/she would eat
ellos/Uds.
comeríanthey would eat
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
yo
habré comidoI will have eaten
nosotros
habremos comidowe will have eaten
tú
habrás comidoyou will have eaten
vosotros
habréis comidoyou all will have eaten
él/ella/Ud.
habrá comidohe/she will have eaten
ellos/Uds.
habrán comidothey will have eaten
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
yo
habría comidoI would have eaten
nosotros
habríamos comidowe would have eaten
tú
habrías comidoyou would have eaten
vosotros
habríais comidoyou all would have eaten
él/ella/Ud.
habría comidohe/she would have eaten
ellos/Uds.
habrían comidothey would have eaten
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
yo
comiere(should) I eat
nosotros
comiéremos(should) we eat
tú
comieres(should) you eat
vosotros
comiereis(should) you all eat
él/ella/Ud.
comiere(should) he/she eat
ellos/Uds.
comieren(should) they eat
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
yo
—
nosotros
comamoslet's eat
tú
comeeat!
vosotros
comedeat!
él/ella/Ud.
comaeat!
ellos/Uds.
comaneat!
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
yo
—
nosotros
no comamoslet's not eat
tú
no comasdon't eat
vosotros
no comáisdon't eat
él/ella/Ud.
no comadon't eat
ellos/Uds.
no comandon't eat
PresenteComo fruta en el desayuno.I eat fruit for breakfast.
Presente de subjuntivoQuiero que comas algo antes de salir.I want you to eat something before you leave.
Pretérito indefinidoComimos demasiado en la fiesta.We ate too much at the party.
Pretérito imperfectoDe niño comía muy despacio.As a child I used to eat very slowly.
Futuro simpleComeremos a las dos.We'll eat at two.
Condicional simpleComería otro trozo, la verdad.I'd honestly eat another slice.
The model regular -er verb. Across these six tenses it differs from -ir in exactly two forms — comemos and coméis, against vivimos and vivís. Every other ending the two groups share, so learning -er very nearly gets you -ir for free.
Imagen.Barras de pan, campamento de grupo — traducido de Bread Loaves Group Campsite (exit78 · flickr · PDM)
Barras de pan, campamento de grupo — Bread Loaves Group Campsite · fuente
he, she, you (formal) — one other person — formal you shares it
Presente
comehe/she eats
Perfecto
ha comidohe/she has eaten
Subj. presente
coma(that) he/she eats
Subj. perfecto
haya comido(that) he/she has eaten
Futuro
comeráhe/she will eat
Condicional
comeríahe/she would eat
Fut. perfecto
habrá comidohe/she will have eaten
Cond. perfecto
habría comidohe/she would have eaten
Subj. futuro
comiere(should) he/she eat
Indefinido
comióhe/she ate
Imperfecto
comíahe/she used to eat
Pluscuamp.
había comidohe/she had eaten
Subj. imperf.
comiera(that) he/she ate
Subj. -se
comiese(that) he/she ate
Subj. pluscuamp.
hubiera comido(that) he/she had eaten
Pret. anterior
hubo comidohe/she had eaten
Imperativo
comaeat!
Imper. negativo
no comadon't eat
ellos / ellas / ustedes
they, you all — several others — plural you shares it
Presente
comenthey eat
Perfecto
han comidothey have eaten
Subj. presente
coman(that) they eat
Subj. perfecto
hayan comido(that) they have eaten
Futuro
comeránthey will eat
Condicional
comeríanthey would eat
Fut. perfecto
habrán comidothey will have eaten
Cond. perfecto
habrían comidothey would have eaten
Subj. futuro
comieren(should) they eat
Indefinido
comieronthey ate
Imperfecto
comíanthey used to eat
Pluscuamp.
habían comidothey had eaten
Subj. imperf.
comieran(that) they ate
Subj. -se
comiesen(that) they ate
Subj. pluscuamp.
hubieran comido(that) they had eaten
Pret. anterior
hubieron comidothey had eaten
Imperativo
comaneat!
Imper. negativo
no comandon't eat
PresenteComo fruta en el desayuno.I eat fruit for breakfast.
Presente de subjuntivoQuiero que comas algo antes de salir.I want you to eat something before you leave.
Pretérito indefinidoComimos demasiado en la fiesta.We ate too much at the party.
Pretérito imperfectoDe niño comía muy despacio.As a child I used to eat very slowly.
Futuro simpleComeremos a las dos.We'll eat at two.
Condicional simpleComería otro trozo, la verdad.I'd honestly eat another slice.
The model regular -er verb. Across these six tenses it differs from -ir in exactly two forms — comemos and coméis, against vivimos and vivís. Every other ending the two groups share, so learning -er very nearly gets you -ir for free.
Imagen.Barras de pan, campamento de grupo — traducido de Bread Loaves Group Campsite (exit78 · flickr · PDM)
Barras de pan, campamento de grupo — Bread Loaves Group Campsite · fuente
