cenar
to have dinnerPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | cenoI have dinner | nosotros | cenamoswe have dinner |
| tú | cenasyou have dinner | vosotros | cenáisyou all have dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenahe/she has dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenanthey have dinner |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he cenadoI have had dinner | nosotros | hemos cenadowe have had dinner |
| tú | has cenadoyou have had dinner | vosotros | habéis cenadoyou all have had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha cenadohe/she has had dinner | ellos/Uds. | han cenadothey have had dinner |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | cene(that) I have dinner | nosotros | cenemos(that) we have dinner |
| tú | cenes(that) you have dinner | vosotros | cenéis(that) you all have dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cene(that) he/she has dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenen(that) they have dinner |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya cenado(that) I have had dinner | nosotros | hayamos cenado(that) we have had dinner |
| tú | hayas cenado(that) you have had dinner | vosotros | hayáis cenado(that) you all have had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya cenado(that) he/she has had dinner | ellos/Uds. | hayan cenado(that) they have had dinner |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | cenéI had dinner | nosotros | cenamoswe had dinner |
| tú | cenasteyou had dinner | vosotros | cenasteisyou all had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenóhe/she had dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenaronthey had dinner |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | cenabaI used to have dinner | nosotros | cenábamoswe used to have dinner |
| tú | cenabasyou used to have dinner | vosotros | cenabaisyou all used to have dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenabahe/she used to have dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenabanthey used to have dinner |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había cenadoI had had dinner | nosotros | habíamos cenadowe had had dinner |
| tú | habías cenadoyou had had dinner | vosotros | habíais cenadoyou all had had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | había cenadohe/she had had dinner | ellos/Uds. | habían cenadothey had had dinner |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | cenara(that) I had dinner | nosotros | cenáramos(that) we had dinner |
| tú | cenaras(that) you had dinner | vosotros | cenarais(that) you all had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenara(that) he/she had dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenaran(that) they had dinner |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | cenase(that) I had dinner | nosotros | cenásemos(that) we had dinner |
| tú | cenases(that) you had dinner | vosotros | cenaseis(that) you all had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenase(that) he/she had dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenasen(that) they had dinner |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera cenado(that) I had had dinner | nosotros | hubiéramos cenado(that) we had had dinner |
| tú | hubieras cenado(that) you had had dinner | vosotros | hubierais cenado(that) you all had had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera cenado(that) he/she had had dinner | ellos/Uds. | hubieran cenado(that) they had had dinner |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube cenadoI had had dinner | nosotros | hubimos cenadowe had had dinner |
| tú | hubiste cenadoyou had had dinner | vosotros | hubisteis cenadoyou all had had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo cenadohe/she had had dinner | ellos/Uds. | hubieron cenadothey had had dinner |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | cenaréI will have dinner | nosotros | cenaremoswe will have dinner |
| tú | cenarásyou will have dinner | vosotros | cenaréisyou all will have dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenaráhe/she will have dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenaránthey will have dinner |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | cenaríaI would have dinner | nosotros | cenaríamoswe would have dinner |
| tú | cenaríasyou would have dinner | vosotros | cenaríaisyou all would have dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenaríahe/she would have dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenaríanthey would have dinner |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré cenadoI will have had dinner | nosotros | habremos cenadowe will have had dinner |
| tú | habrás cenadoyou will have had dinner | vosotros | habréis cenadoyou all will have had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá cenadohe/she will have had dinner | ellos/Uds. | habrán cenadothey will have had dinner |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría cenadoI would have had dinner | nosotros | habríamos cenadowe would have had dinner |
| tú | habrías cenadoyou would have had dinner | vosotros | habríais cenadoyou all would have had dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría cenadohe/she would have had dinner | ellos/Uds. | habrían cenadothey would have had dinner |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | cenare(should) I have dinner | nosotros | cenáremos(should) we have dinner |
| tú | cenares(should) you have dinner | vosotros | cenareis(should) you all have dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenare(should) he/she have dinner | ellos/Uds. | cenaren(should) they have dinner |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | cenemoslet's have dinner |
| tú | cenahave dinner! | vosotros | cenadhave dinner! |
| él/ella/Ud. | cenehave dinner! | ellos/Uds. | cenenhave dinner! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no cenemoslet's not have dinner |
| tú | no cenesdon't have dinner | vosotros | no cenéisdon't have dinner |
| él/ella/Ud. | no cenedon't have dinner | ellos/Uds. | no cenendon't have dinner |
