cambiar
to changePresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | cambioI change | nosotros | cambiamoswe change |
| tú | cambiasyou change | vosotros | cambiáisyou all change |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiahe/she changes | ellos/Uds. | cambianthey change |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he cambiadoI have changed | nosotros | hemos cambiadowe have changed |
| tú | has cambiadoyou have changed | vosotros | habéis cambiadoyou all have changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha cambiadohe/she has changed | ellos/Uds. | han cambiadothey have changed |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | cambie(that) I change | nosotros | cambiemos(that) we change |
| tú | cambies(that) you change | vosotros | cambiéis(that) you all change |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambie(that) he/she changes | ellos/Uds. | cambien(that) they change |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya cambiado(that) I have changed | nosotros | hayamos cambiado(that) we have changed |
| tú | hayas cambiado(that) you have changed | vosotros | hayáis cambiado(that) you all have changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya cambiado(that) he/she has changed | ellos/Uds. | hayan cambiado(that) they have changed |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | cambiéI changed | nosotros | cambiamoswe changed |
| tú | cambiasteyou changed | vosotros | cambiasteisyou all changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambióhe/she changed | ellos/Uds. | cambiaronthey changed |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | cambiabaI used to change | nosotros | cambiábamoswe used to change |
| tú | cambiabasyou used to change | vosotros | cambiabaisyou all used to change |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiabahe/she used to change | ellos/Uds. | cambiabanthey used to change |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había cambiadoI had changed | nosotros | habíamos cambiadowe had changed |
| tú | habías cambiadoyou had changed | vosotros | habíais cambiadoyou all had changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | había cambiadohe/she had changed | ellos/Uds. | habían cambiadothey had changed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | cambiara(that) I changed | nosotros | cambiáramos(that) we changed |
| tú | cambiaras(that) you changed | vosotros | cambiarais(that) you all changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiara(that) he/she changed | ellos/Uds. | cambiaran(that) they changed |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | cambiase(that) I changed | nosotros | cambiásemos(that) we changed |
| tú | cambiases(that) you changed | vosotros | cambiaseis(that) you all changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiase(that) he/she changed | ellos/Uds. | cambiasen(that) they changed |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera cambiado(that) I had changed | nosotros | hubiéramos cambiado(that) we had changed |
| tú | hubieras cambiado(that) you had changed | vosotros | hubierais cambiado(that) you all had changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera cambiado(that) he/she had changed | ellos/Uds. | hubieran cambiado(that) they had changed |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube cambiadoI had changed | nosotros | hubimos cambiadowe had changed |
| tú | hubiste cambiadoyou had changed | vosotros | hubisteis cambiadoyou all had changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo cambiadohe/she had changed | ellos/Uds. | hubieron cambiadothey had changed |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | cambiaréI will change | nosotros | cambiaremoswe will change |
| tú | cambiarásyou will change | vosotros | cambiaréisyou all will change |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiaráhe/she will change | ellos/Uds. | cambiaránthey will change |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | cambiaríaI would change | nosotros | cambiaríamoswe would change |
| tú | cambiaríasyou would change | vosotros | cambiaríaisyou all would change |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiaríahe/she would change | ellos/Uds. | cambiaríanthey would change |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré cambiadoI will have changed | nosotros | habremos cambiadowe will have changed |
| tú | habrás cambiadoyou will have changed | vosotros | habréis cambiadoyou all will have changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá cambiadohe/she will have changed | ellos/Uds. | habrán cambiadothey will have changed |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría cambiadoI would have changed | nosotros | habríamos cambiadowe would have changed |
| tú | habrías cambiadoyou would have changed | vosotros | habríais cambiadoyou all would have changed |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría cambiadohe/she would have changed | ellos/Uds. | habrían cambiadothey would have changed |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | cambiare(should) I change | nosotros | cambiáremos(should) we change |
| tú | cambiares(should) you change | vosotros | cambiareis(should) you all change |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiare(should) he/she change | ellos/Uds. | cambiaren(should) they change |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | cambiemoslet's change |
| tú | cambiachange! | vosotros | cambiadchange! |
| él/ella/Ud. | cambiechange! | ellos/Uds. | cambienchange! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no cambiemoslet's not change |
| tú | no cambiesdon't change | vosotros | no cambiéisdon't change |
| él/ella/Ud. | no cambiedon't change | ellos/Uds. | no cambiendon't change |
