caer
to fallPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | caigoI fall | nosotros | caemoswe fall |
| tú | caesyou fall | vosotros | caéisyou all fall |
| él/ella/Ud. | caehe/she falls | ellos/Uds. | caenthey fall |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he caídoI have fallen | nosotros | hemos caídowe have fallen |
| tú | has caídoyou have fallen | vosotros | habéis caídoyou all have fallen |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha caídohe/she has fallen | ellos/Uds. | han caídothey have fallen |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | caiga(that) I fall | nosotros | caigamos(that) we fall |
| tú | caigas(that) you fall | vosotros | caigáis(that) you all fall |
| él/ella/Ud. | caiga(that) he/she falls | ellos/Uds. | caigan(that) they fall |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya caído(that) I have fallen | nosotros | hayamos caído(that) we have fallen |
| tú | hayas caído(that) you have fallen | vosotros | hayáis caído(that) you all have fallen |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya caído(that) he/she has fallen | ellos/Uds. | hayan caído(that) they have fallen |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | caíI fell | nosotros | caímoswe fell |
| tú | caísteyou fell | vosotros | caísteisyou all fell |
| él/ella/Ud. | cayóhe/she fell | ellos/Uds. | cayeronthey fell |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | caíaI used to fall | nosotros | caíamoswe used to fall |
| tú | caíasyou used to fall | vosotros | caíaisyou all used to fall |
| él/ella/Ud. | caíahe/she used to fall | ellos/Uds. | caíanthey used to fall |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había caídoI had fallen | nosotros | habíamos caídowe had fallen |
| tú | habías caídoyou had fallen | vosotros | habíais caídoyou all had fallen |
| él/ella/Ud. | había caídohe/she had fallen | ellos/Uds. | habían caídothey had fallen |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | cayera(that) I fell | nosotros | cayéramos(that) we fell |
| tú | cayeras(that) you fell | vosotros | cayerais(that) you all fell |
| él/ella/Ud. | cayera(that) he/she fell | ellos/Uds. | cayeran(that) they fell |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | cayese(that) I fell | nosotros | cayésemos(that) we fell |
| tú | cayeses(that) you fell | vosotros | cayeseis(that) you all fell |
| él/ella/Ud. | cayese(that) he/she fell | ellos/Uds. | cayesen(that) they fell |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera caído(that) I had fallen | nosotros | hubiéramos caído(that) we had fallen |
| tú | hubieras caído(that) you had fallen | vosotros | hubierais caído(that) you all had fallen |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera caído(that) he/she had fallen | ellos/Uds. | hubieran caído(that) they had fallen |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube caídoI had fallen | nosotros | hubimos caídowe had fallen |
| tú | hubiste caídoyou had fallen | vosotros | hubisteis caídoyou all had fallen |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo caídohe/she had fallen | ellos/Uds. | hubieron caídothey had fallen |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | caeréI will fall | nosotros | caeremoswe will fall |
| tú | caerásyou will fall | vosotros | caeréisyou all will fall |
| él/ella/Ud. | caeráhe/she will fall | ellos/Uds. | caeránthey will fall |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | caeríaI would fall | nosotros | caeríamoswe would fall |
| tú | caeríasyou would fall | vosotros | caeríaisyou all would fall |
| él/ella/Ud. | caeríahe/she would fall | ellos/Uds. | caeríanthey would fall |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré caídoI will have fallen | nosotros | habremos caídowe will have fallen |
| tú | habrás caídoyou will have fallen | vosotros | habréis caídoyou all will have fallen |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá caídohe/she will have fallen | ellos/Uds. | habrán caídothey will have fallen |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría caídoI would have fallen | nosotros | habríamos caídowe would have fallen |
| tú | habrías caídoyou would have fallen | vosotros | habríais caídoyou all would have fallen |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría caídohe/she would have fallen | ellos/Uds. | habrían caídothey would have fallen |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | cayere(should) I fall | nosotros | cayéremos(should) we fall |
| tú | cayeres(should) you fall | vosotros | cayereis(should) you all fall |
| él/ella/Ud. | cayere(should) he/she fall | ellos/Uds. | cayeren(should) they fall |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | caigamoslet's fall |
| tú | caefall! | vosotros | caedfall! |
| él/ella/Ud. | caigafall! | ellos/Uds. | caiganfall! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no caigamoslet's not fall |
| tú | no caigasdon't fall | vosotros | no caigáisdon't fall |
| él/ella/Ud. | no caigadon't fall | ellos/Uds. | no caigandon't fall |
Red = the form breaks the regular pattern. Everything in black you could have worked out from the endings alone.