avisar
to warn, to let knowPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | avisoI warn | nosotros | avisamoswe warn |
| tú | avisasyou warn | vosotros | avisáisyou all warn |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisahe/she warns | ellos/Uds. | avisanthey warn |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he avisadoI have warned | nosotros | hemos avisadowe have warned |
| tú | has avisadoyou have warned | vosotros | habéis avisadoyou all have warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha avisadohe/she has warned | ellos/Uds. | han avisadothey have warned |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | avise(that) I warn | nosotros | avisemos(that) we warn |
| tú | avises(that) you warn | vosotros | aviséis(that) you all warn |
| él/ella/Ud. | avise(that) he/she warns | ellos/Uds. | avisen(that) they warn |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya avisado(that) I have warned | nosotros | hayamos avisado(that) we have warned |
| tú | hayas avisado(that) you have warned | vosotros | hayáis avisado(that) you all have warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya avisado(that) he/she has warned | ellos/Uds. | hayan avisado(that) they have warned |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | aviséI warned | nosotros | avisamoswe warned |
| tú | avisasteyou warned | vosotros | avisasteisyou all warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisóhe/she warned | ellos/Uds. | avisaronthey warned |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | avisabaI used to warn | nosotros | avisábamoswe used to warn |
| tú | avisabasyou used to warn | vosotros | avisabaisyou all used to warn |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisabahe/she used to warn | ellos/Uds. | avisabanthey used to warn |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había avisadoI had warned | nosotros | habíamos avisadowe had warned |
| tú | habías avisadoyou had warned | vosotros | habíais avisadoyou all had warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | había avisadohe/she had warned | ellos/Uds. | habían avisadothey had warned |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | avisara(that) I warned | nosotros | avisáramos(that) we warned |
| tú | avisaras(that) you warned | vosotros | avisarais(that) you all warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisara(that) he/she warned | ellos/Uds. | avisaran(that) they warned |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | avisase(that) I warned | nosotros | avisásemos(that) we warned |
| tú | avisases(that) you warned | vosotros | avisaseis(that) you all warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisase(that) he/she warned | ellos/Uds. | avisasen(that) they warned |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera avisado(that) I had warned | nosotros | hubiéramos avisado(that) we had warned |
| tú | hubieras avisado(that) you had warned | vosotros | hubierais avisado(that) you all had warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera avisado(that) he/she had warned | ellos/Uds. | hubieran avisado(that) they had warned |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube avisadoI had warned | nosotros | hubimos avisadowe had warned |
| tú | hubiste avisadoyou had warned | vosotros | hubisteis avisadoyou all had warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo avisadohe/she had warned | ellos/Uds. | hubieron avisadothey had warned |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | avisaréI will warn | nosotros | avisaremoswe will warn |
| tú | avisarásyou will warn | vosotros | avisaréisyou all will warn |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisaráhe/she will warn | ellos/Uds. | avisaránthey will warn |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | avisaríaI would warn | nosotros | avisaríamoswe would warn |
| tú | avisaríasyou would warn | vosotros | avisaríaisyou all would warn |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisaríahe/she would warn | ellos/Uds. | avisaríanthey would warn |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré avisadoI will have warned | nosotros | habremos avisadowe will have warned |
| tú | habrás avisadoyou will have warned | vosotros | habréis avisadoyou all will have warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá avisadohe/she will have warned | ellos/Uds. | habrán avisadothey will have warned |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría avisadoI would have warned | nosotros | habríamos avisadowe would have warned |
| tú | habrías avisadoyou would have warned | vosotros | habríais avisadoyou all would have warned |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría avisadohe/she would have warned | ellos/Uds. | habrían avisadothey would have warned |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | avisare(should) I warn | nosotros | avisáremos(should) we warn |
| tú | avisares(should) you warn | vosotros | avisareis(should) you all warn |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisare(should) he/she warn | ellos/Uds. | avisaren(should) they warn |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | avisemoslet's warn |
| tú | avisawarn! | vosotros | avisadwarn! |
| él/ella/Ud. | avisewarn! | ellos/Uds. | avisenwarn! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no avisemoslet's not warn |
| tú | no avisesdon't warn | vosotros | no aviséisdon't warn |
| él/ella/Ud. | no avisedon't warn | ellos/Uds. | no avisendon't warn |
