aprender
to learnPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | aprendoI learn | nosotros | aprendemoswe learn |
| tú | aprendesyou learn | vosotros | aprendéisyou all learn |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprendehe/she learns | ellos/Uds. | aprendenthey learn |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he aprendidoI have learned | nosotros | hemos aprendidowe have learned |
| tú | has aprendidoyou have learned | vosotros | habéis aprendidoyou all have learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha aprendidohe/she has learned | ellos/Uds. | han aprendidothey have learned |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | aprenda(that) I learn | nosotros | aprendamos(that) we learn |
| tú | aprendas(that) you learn | vosotros | aprendáis(that) you all learn |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprenda(that) he/she learns | ellos/Uds. | aprendan(that) they learn |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya aprendido(that) I have learned | nosotros | hayamos aprendido(that) we have learned |
| tú | hayas aprendido(that) you have learned | vosotros | hayáis aprendido(that) you all have learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya aprendido(that) he/she has learned | ellos/Uds. | hayan aprendido(that) they have learned |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | aprendíI learned | nosotros | aprendimoswe learned |
| tú | aprendisteyou learned | vosotros | aprendisteisyou all learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprendióhe/she learned | ellos/Uds. | aprendieronthey learned |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | aprendíaI used to learn | nosotros | aprendíamoswe used to learn |
| tú | aprendíasyou used to learn | vosotros | aprendíaisyou all used to learn |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprendíahe/she used to learn | ellos/Uds. | aprendíanthey used to learn |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había aprendidoI had learned | nosotros | habíamos aprendidowe had learned |
| tú | habías aprendidoyou had learned | vosotros | habíais aprendidoyou all had learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | había aprendidohe/she had learned | ellos/Uds. | habían aprendidothey had learned |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | aprendiera(that) I learned | nosotros | aprendiéramos(that) we learned |
| tú | aprendieras(that) you learned | vosotros | aprendierais(that) you all learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprendiera(that) he/she learned | ellos/Uds. | aprendieran(that) they learned |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | aprendiese(that) I learned | nosotros | aprendiésemos(that) we learned |
| tú | aprendieses(that) you learned | vosotros | aprendieseis(that) you all learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprendiese(that) he/she learned | ellos/Uds. | aprendiesen(that) they learned |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera aprendido(that) I had learned | nosotros | hubiéramos aprendido(that) we had learned |
| tú | hubieras aprendido(that) you had learned | vosotros | hubierais aprendido(that) you all had learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera aprendido(that) he/she had learned | ellos/Uds. | hubieran aprendido(that) they had learned |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube aprendidoI had learned | nosotros | hubimos aprendidowe had learned |
| tú | hubiste aprendidoyou had learned | vosotros | hubisteis aprendidoyou all had learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo aprendidohe/she had learned | ellos/Uds. | hubieron aprendidothey had learned |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | aprenderéI will learn | nosotros | aprenderemoswe will learn |
| tú | aprenderásyou will learn | vosotros | aprenderéisyou all will learn |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprenderáhe/she will learn | ellos/Uds. | aprenderánthey will learn |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | aprenderíaI would learn | nosotros | aprenderíamoswe would learn |
| tú | aprenderíasyou would learn | vosotros | aprenderíaisyou all would learn |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprenderíahe/she would learn | ellos/Uds. | aprenderíanthey would learn |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré aprendidoI will have learned | nosotros | habremos aprendidowe will have learned |
| tú | habrás aprendidoyou will have learned | vosotros | habréis aprendidoyou all will have learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá aprendidohe/she will have learned | ellos/Uds. | habrán aprendidothey will have learned |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría aprendidoI would have learned | nosotros | habríamos aprendidowe would have learned |
| tú | habrías aprendidoyou would have learned | vosotros | habríais aprendidoyou all would have learned |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría aprendidohe/she would have learned | ellos/Uds. | habrían aprendidothey would have learned |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | aprendiere(should) I learn | nosotros | aprendiéremos(should) we learn |
| tú | aprendieres(should) you learn | vosotros | aprendiereis(should) you all learn |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprendiere(should) he/she learn | ellos/Uds. | aprendieren(should) they learn |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | aprendamoslet's learn |
| tú | aprendelearn! | vosotros | aprendedlearn! |
| él/ella/Ud. | aprendalearn! | ellos/Uds. | aprendanlearn! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no aprendamoslet's not learn |
| tú | no aprendasdon't learn | vosotros | no aprendáisdon't learn |
| él/ella/Ud. | no aprendadon't learn | ellos/Uds. | no aprendandon't learn |
