alcanzar
to reachparticipio alcanzadogerundio alcanzandohe + participio he alcanzadoestoy + gerundio estoy alcanzando
Presentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | alcanzoI reach | nosotros | alcanzamoswe reach |
| tú | alcanzasyou reach | vosotros | alcanzáisyou all reach |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzahe/she reaches | ellos/Uds. | alcanzanthey reach |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he alcanzadoI have reached | nosotros | hemos alcanzadowe have reached |
| tú | has alcanzadoyou have reached | vosotros | habéis alcanzadoyou all have reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha alcanzadohe/she has reached | ellos/Uds. | han alcanzadothey have reached |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | alcance(that) I reach | nosotros | alcancemos(that) we reach |
| tú | alcances(that) you reach | vosotros | alcancéis(that) you all reach |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcance(that) he/she reaches | ellos/Uds. | alcancen(that) they reach |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya alcanzado(that) I have reached | nosotros | hayamos alcanzado(that) we have reached |
| tú | hayas alcanzado(that) you have reached | vosotros | hayáis alcanzado(that) you all have reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya alcanzado(that) he/she has reached | ellos/Uds. | hayan alcanzado(that) they have reached |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | alcancéI reached | nosotros | alcanzamoswe reached |
| tú | alcanzasteyou reached | vosotros | alcanzasteisyou all reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzóhe/she reached | ellos/Uds. | alcanzaronthey reached |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | alcanzabaI used to reach | nosotros | alcanzábamoswe used to reach |
| tú | alcanzabasyou used to reach | vosotros | alcanzabaisyou all used to reach |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzabahe/she used to reach | ellos/Uds. | alcanzabanthey used to reach |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había alcanzadoI had reached | nosotros | habíamos alcanzadowe had reached |
| tú | habías alcanzadoyou had reached | vosotros | habíais alcanzadoyou all had reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | había alcanzadohe/she had reached | ellos/Uds. | habían alcanzadothey had reached |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | alcanzara(that) I reached | nosotros | alcanzáramos(that) we reached |
| tú | alcanzaras(that) you reached | vosotros | alcanzarais(that) you all reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzara(that) he/she reached | ellos/Uds. | alcanzaran(that) they reached |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | alcanzase(that) I reached | nosotros | alcanzásemos(that) we reached |
| tú | alcanzases(that) you reached | vosotros | alcanzaseis(that) you all reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzase(that) he/she reached | ellos/Uds. | alcanzasen(that) they reached |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera alcanzado(that) I had reached | nosotros | hubiéramos alcanzado(that) we had reached |
| tú | hubieras alcanzado(that) you had reached | vosotros | hubierais alcanzado(that) you all had reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera alcanzado(that) he/she had reached | ellos/Uds. | hubieran alcanzado(that) they had reached |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube alcanzadoI had reached | nosotros | hubimos alcanzadowe had reached |
| tú | hubiste alcanzadoyou had reached | vosotros | hubisteis alcanzadoyou all had reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo alcanzadohe/she had reached | ellos/Uds. | hubieron alcanzadothey had reached |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | alcanzaréI will reach | nosotros | alcanzaremoswe will reach |
| tú | alcanzarásyou will reach | vosotros | alcanzaréisyou all will reach |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzaráhe/she will reach | ellos/Uds. | alcanzaránthey will reach |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | alcanzaríaI would reach | nosotros | alcanzaríamoswe would reach |
| tú | alcanzaríasyou would reach | vosotros | alcanzaríaisyou all would reach |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzaríahe/she would reach | ellos/Uds. | alcanzaríanthey would reach |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré alcanzadoI will have reached | nosotros | habremos alcanzadowe will have reached |
| tú | habrás alcanzadoyou will have reached | vosotros | habréis alcanzadoyou all will have reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá alcanzadohe/she will have reached | ellos/Uds. | habrán alcanzadothey will have reached |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría alcanzadoI would have reached | nosotros | habríamos alcanzadowe would have reached |
| tú | habrías alcanzadoyou would have reached | vosotros | habríais alcanzadoyou all would have reached |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría alcanzadohe/she would have reached | ellos/Uds. | habrían alcanzadothey would have reached |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | alcanzare(should) I reach | nosotros | alcanzáremos(should) we reach |
| tú | alcanzares(should) you reach | vosotros | alcanzareis(should) you all reach |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcanzare(should) he/she reach | ellos/Uds. | alcanzaren(should) they reach |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | alcancemoslet's reach |
| tú | alcanzareach! | vosotros | alcanzadreach! |
| él/ella/Ud. | alcancereach! | ellos/Uds. | alcancenreach! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no alcancemoslet's not reach |
| tú | no alcancesdon't reach | vosotros | no alcancéisdon't reach |
| él/ella/Ud. | no alcancedon't reach | ellos/Uds. | no alcancendon't reach |
Imagen. Un niño levantó las manos hacia el cielo, formando un marco con los dedos: no para una foto, sino para un momento. El árbol solitario se alzaba, buscando la luz que se colaba entre las nubes. — traducido de A boy raised his hands toward the sky, shaping a frame with his fingers — not for a photo, but for a moment. The lone tree stood tall, reaching for the light that slipped through the clouds. (Khalid Hassan Emran · wordpress · CC0)
