abrir
to openPresentewhat is going on now
Presente
Present — what is happening now, and what happens habitually
| yo | abroI open | nosotros | abrimoswe open |
| tú | abresyou open | vosotros | abrísyou all open |
| él/ella/Ud. | abrehe/she opens | ellos/Uds. | abrenthey open |
Pretérito perfecto
Present perfect — have —ed; a past still touching now. Spain: today, this week. Latin America: mostly the indefinido instead
| yo | he abiertoI have opened | nosotros | hemos abiertowe have opened |
| tú | has abiertoyou have opened | vosotros | habéis abiertoyou all have opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha abiertohe/she has opened | ellos/Uds. | han abiertothey have opened |
Presente de subjuntivo
Present subjunctive — after que with wishes, doubt, emotion, ojalá
| yo | abra(that) I open | nosotros | abramos(that) we open |
| tú | abras(that) you open | vosotros | abráis(that) you all open |
| él/ella/Ud. | abra(that) he/she opens | ellos/Uds. | abran(that) they open |
Perfecto de subjuntivo
Present perfect subjunctive — have —ed, under doubt or emotion: no creo que haya venido
| yo | haya abierto(that) I have opened | nosotros | hayamos abierto(that) we have opened |
| tú | hayas abierto(that) you have opened | vosotros | hayáis abierto(that) you all have opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | haya abierto(that) he/she has opened | ellos/Uds. | hayan abierto(that) they have opened |
Pasadowhat went on
Pretérito indefinido
Preterite — a finished past action — it started, it ended
| yo | abríI opened | nosotros | abrimoswe opened |
| tú | abristeyou opened | vosotros | abristeisyou all opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | abrióhe/she opened | ellos/Uds. | abrieronthey opened |
Pretérito imperfecto
Imperfect — used to / was —ing; background, habits, descriptions
| yo | abríaI used to open | nosotros | abríamoswe used to open |
| tú | abríasyou used to open | vosotros | abríaisyou all used to open |
| él/ella/Ud. | abríahe/she used to open | ellos/Uds. | abríanthey used to open |
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Past perfect — had —ed; further back than another past event
| yo | había abiertoI had opened | nosotros | habíamos abiertowe had opened |
| tú | habías abiertoyou had opened | vosotros | habíais abiertoyou all had opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | había abiertohe/she had opened | ellos/Uds. | habían abiertothey had opened |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ra)
Imperfect subjunctive — si clauses and past-tense wishes: si tuviera, quería que fuera
| yo | abriera(that) I opened | nosotros | abriéramos(that) we opened |
| tú | abrieras(that) you opened | vosotros | abrierais(that) you all opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | abriera(that) he/she opened | ellos/Uds. | abrieran(that) they opened |
Imperfecto de subjuntivo (-se)
Imperfect subjunctive — the same tense, second form; commoner in Spain and in writing
| yo | abriese(that) I opened | nosotros | abriésemos(that) we opened |
| tú | abrieses(that) you opened | vosotros | abrieseis(that) you all opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | abriese(that) he/she opened | ellos/Uds. | abriesen(that) they opened |
Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
Past perfect subjunctive — had —ed, hypothetically: si hubiera sabido
| yo | hubiera abierto(that) I had opened | nosotros | hubiéramos abierto(that) we had opened |
| tú | hubieras abierto(that) you had opened | vosotros | hubierais abierto(that) you all had opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubiera abierto(that) he/she had opened | ellos/Uds. | hubieran abierto(that) they had opened |
Pretérito anterior
Preterite perfect — had —ed, immediately before; literary, all but extinct
| yo | hube abiertoI had opened | nosotros | hubimos abiertowe had opened |
| tú | hubiste abiertoyou had opened | vosotros | hubisteis abiertoyou all had opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | hubo abiertohe/she had opened | ellos/Uds. | hubieron abiertothey had opened |
Futurowhat will or would go on
Futuro simple
Future — will — (spoken Spanish often prefers voy a + infinitivo)
| yo | abriréI will open | nosotros | abriremoswe will open |
| tú | abrirásyou will open | vosotros | abriréisyou all will open |
| él/ella/Ud. | abriráhe/she will open | ellos/Uds. | abriránthey will open |
Condicional simple
Conditional — would —; also softens a request into politeness
| yo | abriríaI would open | nosotros | abriríamoswe would open |
| tú | abriríasyou would open | vosotros | abriríaisyou all would open |
| él/ella/Ud. | abriríahe/she would open | ellos/Uds. | abriríanthey would open |
Futuro perfecto
Future perfect — will have —ed; done by some future point
| yo | habré abiertoI will have opened | nosotros | habremos abiertowe will have opened |
| tú | habrás abiertoyou will have opened | vosotros | habréis abiertoyou all will have opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá abiertohe/she will have opened | ellos/Uds. | habrán abiertothey will have opened |
Condicional perfecto
Conditional perfect — would have —ed; the road not taken
| yo | habría abiertoI would have opened | nosotros | habríamos abiertowe would have opened |
| tú | habrías abiertoyou would have opened | vosotros | habríais abiertoyou all would have opened |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría abiertohe/she would have opened | ellos/Uds. | habrían abiertothey would have opened |
Futuro de subjuntivo
Future subjunctive — legal and proverbial only: adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres
| yo | abriere(should) I open | nosotros | abriéremos(should) we open |
| tú | abrieres(should) you open | vosotros | abriereis(should) you all open |
| él/ella/Ud. | abriere(should) he/she open | ellos/Uds. | abrieren(should) they open |
Imperativotelling someone to
Imperativo afirmativo
Imperative (do it) — orders and requests; there is no yo form
| yo | — | nosotros | abramoslet's open |
| tú | abreopen! | vosotros | abridopen! |
| él/ella/Ud. | abraopen! | ellos/Uds. | abranopen! |
Imperativo negativo
Imperative (don't) — no + subjunctive — never the affirmative form with no in front
| yo | — | nosotros | no abramoslet's not open |
| tú | no abrasdon't open | vosotros | no abráisdon't open |
| él/ella/Ud. | no abradon't open | ellos/Uds. | no abrandon't open |
Red = the form breaks the regular pattern. Everything in black you could have worked out from the endings alone.